Accumulation of Heavy Metals in People on a Gluten-Free Diet Stephanie L. Raehsler, Rok Seon Choung, Eric V. Marietta, Joseph A. Murray  Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology  Volume 16, Issue 2, Pages 244-251 (February 2018) DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2017.01.034 Copyright © 2018 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 The study population in NHANES 2009 to 2012. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2018 16, 244-251DOI: (10.1016/j.cgh.2017.01.034) Copyright © 2018 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Geometric mean of blood lead levels. For people on a GFD, the geometric mean of blood lead is greater in men and women than for people not on a GFD. However, the significant differences were found only in women (P = .001). *P = .001, **P = .007. Error bars indicate 95% confidence interval. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2018 16, 244-251DOI: (10.1016/j.cgh.2017.01.034) Copyright © 2018 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Geometric mean of blood cadmium levels. Compared with people not on a GFD, the geometric mean of blood cadmium level of people on a GFD is greater in nonsmokers (0.33 [95% CI, 0.28–0.38] vs 0.25 [95% CI, 0.24–0.25]) and ex-smokers (0.49 [95% CI, 0.43–0.57] vs 0.33 [95% CI, 0.32–0.34]). *P = .001, **P < .001. Error bars indicate 95% confidence interval. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2018 16, 244-251DOI: (10.1016/j.cgh.2017.01.034) Copyright © 2018 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions