Edward M. Murphy Space Science for Teachers 2005

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Edward M. Murphy Space Science for Teachers 2005

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Presentation transcript:

Edward M. Murphy Space Science for Teachers 2005 Eclipses Edward M. Murphy Space Science for Teachers 2005 4/13/2019 Eclipses

Eclipses Although the Sun is about 400 times larger than the Moon, it is also about 400 times further away. Both appear to be about ½ degree across. As a result of this coincidence, the Moon can completely cover the Sun, producing a total solar eclipse. 4/13/2019 Eclipses

Eclipses The shadow of any body consists of two parts: The umbra is where the Sun is completely blocked from view. The penumbra is where the Sun is only partially blocked. 4/13/2019 Eclipses

Shadows and Eclipses 4/13/2019 Eclipses

Total Solar Eclipse 4/13/2019 Eclipses

Solar Eclipse Under the most favorable conditions, the diameter of the shadow cone is 269 km at the Earth’s surface. At the equator, the shadow moves at 1730 km/hr. Totality can last as long as 7½ minutes. A total solar eclipse occurs about once every 18 months somewhere in the world. At any given location, a total solar eclipse occurs once every 360 years. The next total solar eclipse in the U.S. is on Aug. 21 2017. 4/13/2019 Eclipses

4/13/2019 Eclipses

Total Solar Eclipse 4/13/2019 Eclipses

Diamond Ring Effect 4/13/2019 Eclipses

Bailey’s Beads 4/13/2019 Eclipses

Solar Corona During Eclipse 4/13/2019 Eclipses

Total Solar Eclipse As the Moon orbits the Earth, its apparent size varies. Only when the Moon is closest to the Earth can it completely block the Sun. If the Moon does not completely cover the Sun we get an annular eclipse. 4/13/2019 Eclipses

Perigee Apogee 4/13/2019 Eclipses

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Annular Solar Eclipse 4/13/2019 Eclipses

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A series of eight GOES satellite images captures the Moon's shadow as it sweeps across the Pacific and down across Mexicp and Central America before leaving the Earth in Brazil. Total Solar Eclipse of 1991 July 11 NASA - GOES images courtesy of MrEclipse.com 4/13/2019 Eclipses

Frequency of Solar Eclipses We do not get solar eclipses at every new moon because the orbit of the Moon is tilted by about 5 degrees with respect to the ecliptic. At most new moons the Moon is either above or below the Sun. The tilted orbit of the Moon crosses the ecliptic at two points. When the Sun approaches these points, eclipses are possible. This will happen twice a year. 4/13/2019 Eclipses

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Lunar Eclipses A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes into the shadow of the Earth. The lunar eclipse is visible to everyone on the night side of the Earth. Aristotle (384-322 B.C.) used the apparent shape of the Earth’s shadow to show that the Earth is a sphere. 4/13/2019 Eclipses

Lunar Eclipse 4/13/2019 Eclipses

Lunar Eclipse 4/13/2019 Eclipses

Lunar Eclipse Showing Earth’s Shadow 4/13/2019 Eclipses

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NASA Eclipse Page The best web page on eclipses is: http://sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse/eclipse.html 4/13/2019 Eclipses