Measurement of sperm DNA fragmentation using bright-field microscopy: comparison between sperm chromatin dispersion test and terminal uridine nick-end labeling assay  Li-hong Zhang, M.Sc., Yi Qiu, M.D., Ke-hua Wang, M.D., Ph.D., Qiuju Wang, M.D., Guozhen Tao, M.D., Lei-guang Wang, M.D.  Fertility and Sterility  Volume 94, Issue 3, Pages 1027-1032 (August 2010) DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.04.034 Copyright © 2010 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 The sperm chromatin dispersion test: sperm with different size halos. Sperms (a) show the nuclei with large size halo and (b) show the nuclei with medium size halo that were considered with nonfragmented DNA, whereas (c) show the nuclei with small size halo, (d) show without halo, (e) show without a halo and degraded, and (f) show without halo and pinhead, which were considered sperm with fragmented DNA. Fertility and Sterility 2010 94, 1027-1032DOI: (10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.04.034) Copyright © 2010 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 The sperm chromatin dispersion test and the terminal uridine nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay on the same slide (before and after Diff-Quik staining). (A) Before Diff-Quik staining, TUNEL-positive sperms were showed stained brown. (B) After Diff-Quik staining, TUNEL-positive sperms showed no halo and TUNEL-negative sperms showed a large halo. No halo pinhead sperm (arrow) could not be found by TUNEL assay before Diff-Quik staining. Fertility and Sterility 2010 94, 1027-1032DOI: (10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.04.034) Copyright © 2010 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions