Alex Tong Long Lin, An Hang Yang, Kuang-Kuo Chen European Urology

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Effects of Botulinum Toxin A on the Contractile Function of Dog Prostate Alex Tong Long Lin, An Hang Yang, Kuang-Kuo Chen European Urology Volume 52, Issue 2, Pages 582-589 (August 2007) DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2007.03.002 Copyright © 2007 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Maximal responses of prostate urethral pressure to intravenous norepinephrine (32μg/kg body weight). Each bar represents the mean±SEM of 5 to 7 animals. # indicates a significant difference compared with sham group. European Urology 2007 52, 582-589DOI: (10.1016/j.eururo.2007.03.002) Copyright © 2007 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Prostate urethral pressure response to electrostimulation 1 mo after injection of 100units botulinum toxin A (BoNT/A). European Urology 2007 52, 582-589DOI: (10.1016/j.eururo.2007.03.002) Copyright © 2007 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Prostate urethral pressure response to electrostimulation 1 mo after injection of 200units botulinum toxin A (BoNT/A). # indicates a significant difference as compared with before BoNT/A injection. European Urology 2007 52, 582-589DOI: (10.1016/j.eururo.2007.03.002) Copyright © 2007 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 Contractile responses of prostate strips to 120mmol/l potassium chloride (KCl), phenylephrine (10−3mol/l), and electrostimulation (50V, 1ms, 64Hz). Each bar represents the mean±SEM of 5 to 7 animals. # indicates a significant difference compared with sham group. European Urology 2007 52, 582-589DOI: (10.1016/j.eururo.2007.03.002) Copyright © 2007 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 Histologic features of dog prostate. (A) Control; (B) following injection of 100units botulinum toxin A (BoNT/A); (C) following injection of 200units BoNT/A. (Hematoxylin-eosin stain; original magnification: ×200.) European Urology 2007 52, 582-589DOI: (10.1016/j.eururo.2007.03.002) Copyright © 2007 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions

Fig. 6 (A) Photomicrograph of dog prostate following injection of 200units botulinum toxin A (BoNT/A). (Hematoxylin-eosin stain; original magnification: ×200.) (B) Immunohistochemical stain of smoothlin (original magnification: ×200); avidin-biotin complex, alkaline phosphatase, counterstained with hematoxylin. Arrows indicate smooth muscle cells with vacuolization in the stromal tissue. European Urology 2007 52, 582-589DOI: (10.1016/j.eururo.2007.03.002) Copyright © 2007 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions