Promoting Family Stability for Ohio’s Children

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Presentation transcript:

Promoting Family Stability for Ohio’s Children Anastasia R. Snyder Associate Professor of HDFS Extension Specialist The Ohio State University Snyder.893@osu.edu

Outline and Goals Family Structure vs. Family Stability How is family stability important for child well-being? Role of extension programs Goal: To understand what family stability is, why its important, and how extension programs can help

Recent Family Change American families experienced significant family change in recent decades: Divorce and remarriage, cohabitation, nonmarital childbearing Focus has been on structure (single vs. two parents) Shift to number of transitions, instability and change Result in worse outcomes for children (lower income, less parenting time)

Theoretical Explanations Stress Family transitions require adjustments that can be stressful Substantial cumulative effects Family Systems Theory—boundary ambiguity Socioeconomic stress hypothesis—poverty, unemployment, economic stress overwhelm the effects of instability; will explain racial/ethnic differences Selection Parental (maternal) characteristics related to both diminished parenting and relationship skills

Percent of women divorced within 10 years of first marriage: life table estimates by education Since 1980, divorce among women with BA has declined by 20%, divorce among women with hs or some college has increased by 6%, and divorce among women with less than high school has increased by 10%

Racial Differences Non-Hispanic Black children More extended kin involvement More exposure to regular family and neighborhood stress More exposure to socioeconomic stress Makes them less susceptible than Non-Hispanic White children to effects of instability

Research Results Both maternal characteristics and number of transitions (not type) influence child outcomes, only for NH Whites (Fomby & Cherlin, 2007). Children born to unmarried mothers experience more transitions, and have mothers with less favorable characteristics, both contributes to their worse outcomes (Osborne & McLanahan, 2007).

Research Results (con’t) Children who experience poor union quality of their mother and partner have worse outcomes, regardless of number of union transitions Relationship quality matters (Fomby & Osborne, 2010) Social protection (child’s relationship with people and institutions) attenuates the effect of instability on adolescent outcomes for all. Socioeconomic stress exacerbated the effect of instability on adolescent outcomes for NH Blacks (sexual initiation) Economic disadvantage has more impact than instability on outcomes for NH Blacks (Fomby et al., 2010)

Extension’s Role Family structure is important, but keep other factors in mind: Instability Family of origin for children Parental characteristics Children’s context, implications for racial/ethnic differences Focus educational efforts in additional directions: General parenting education (tough sell) Relationship Education, partnering with youth programming Programs that target ‘fragile’ families Other ideas?