Enforced Expression of Bcl-2 in Monocytes Rescues Macrophages and Partially Reverses Osteopetrosis in op/op Mice Eric Lagasse, Irving L. Weissman Cell

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Enforced Expression of Bcl-2 in Monocytes Rescues Macrophages and Partially Reverses Osteopetrosis in op/op Mice Eric Lagasse, Irving L. Weissman Cell Volume 89, Issue 7, Pages 1021-1031 (June 1997) DOI: 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80290-1

Figure 1 Transgenic Expression of Human Bcl-2 in Monocytes, Neutrophils, and Macrophages (A) Peripheral blood cells from hMRP8bcl-2 mice and control littermates were stained for Gr-1, Mac-1, and hBcl-2. Neutrophils (Gr-1hiMac-1hi cells) and monocytes (Gr-1loMac-1hi cells) were gated (boxes), and immunofluorescence profiles of human Bcl-2 in these populations were displayed as histograms. Each histogram panel has a peak on the left side that represents the nonspecific staining of peripheral blood cells with control antibodies. (B) Immunostaining of spleen and bone marrow cells and liver sections from hMRP8bcl-2 and op/op hMRP8bcl-2 mice. Spleen and bone marrow cells were prepared using cytospin. Staining with FITC-labeled anti- human Bcl-2 and PE-labeled anti-F4/80 revealed no expression of transgenic bcl-2 in spleen, bone marrow, and liver macrophages. Cell 1997 89, 1021-1031DOI: (10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80290-1)

Figure 2 Monocyte and Macrophage Survival In Vitro (A) Blood monocyte viability after 24 hours in culture in the presence or absence of growth factors (Serum and L media). (B) Bone marrow macrophage viability after 24 hours in the absence of growth factors. For (A) and (B), the results are presented as a percentage of total viable cells from the 4 hours time point in culture. The data shown are arithmetic means ± SD, and are compiled from groups of 3–5 mice. Statistical comparisons between control and the different genetic constitutions were done using the student's t test. Only the significant values (p < 0.05) are reported. (C) F4/80 staining of macrophages derived from monocytes 96 hours in cultures without serum and L media. (D) Morphology of monocytes 4 hours in culture and the derived macrophages 96 hours in culture with (+) or without (−) serum and L media. Cells were stained by Giemsa and May-Grünwald stains. (E) Viability of mixed monocyte populations. The data shown are arithmetic means ± SD. Cell 1997 89, 1021-1031DOI: (10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80290-1)

Figure 3 Bcl-2 Rescue of the Macrophage Populations in op/op Mice (A) Longitudinal section of the femur of 6 month old from control hMRP8bcl-2, op/op, op/op hMRP8bcl-2 littermates. A marked decrease in the severity of osteopetrotic bones is shown in the femoral bone cavity of the op/op hMRP8bcl-2 mice. (B) Immunostaining of liver sections from control, hMRP8bcl-2, op/op, op/op hMRP8bcl-2 littermates. Tissue sections were stained with PE-conjugated F4/80 antibody. (C) FACS analysis of peritoneal cells from control, hMRP8bcl-2, op/op, op/op hMRP8bcl-2 littermates. Cells were collected from peritoneal cavities. The histograms show F4/80 staining versus cell numbers. The number in each plot indicates the percentage of F4/80hi peritoneal macrophages. Cell 1997 89, 1021-1031DOI: (10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80290-1)

Figure 4 Measurement of Monocytes Turnover with BrdU Percentage of BrdU-positive monocytes in blood and bone marrow from control, hMRP8bcl-2/1 and hMRP8bcl-2/2 mice. Each point represents the average ± SD from three mice. Cell 1997 89, 1021-1031DOI: (10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80290-1)

Figure 5 Fate of Control and hMRP8bcl-2 Spleen Populations after IV Injections Two groups of mice, control (n = 2) and op/op (n = 2), were injected with spleen cell populations from control and hMRP8bcl-2/2 mice. (A) hMRP8bcl-2/2 cells stained with PKH26 red dye and control cells stained with PKH2 green dye were mixed 1:10, respectively. (B) Liver section of an op/op mouse, 96 hours after injection. A high proportion of hMRP8bcl-2/2 splenic myeloid cells can differentiate into hepatic Kupffer cells. (C) Spleen section of an op/op mouse, 96 hours after injection. (D) Absolute cell count per microscopic field ± SD. Cell 1997 89, 1021-1031DOI: (10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80290-1)

Figure 6 Model for Monocyte Homeostasis Two checkpoints for survival are present in the maturation pathway of monocytes: the first, in the bone marrow at the level of new monocytes pre-release into the bloodstream, and the second, in the peripheral tissues post their exit from the bloodstream. See text for details. Cell 1997 89, 1021-1031DOI: (10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80290-1)