Nat. Rev. Rheumatol. doi: /nrrheum

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Overview of the Immune System

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Figure 1 CTLA-4 and PD-1–PD-L1 immune checkpoints

Nat. Rev. Rheumatol. doi: /nrrheum

Figure 1 Role of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in steady state,

of different experimental arthritis models

Nat. Rev. Rheumatol. doi: /nrrheum

Figure 3 Neutrophils in liver inflammation

Figure 1 Rheumatoid arthritis development over time in relation to the level of inflammation Figure 1 | Rheumatoid arthritis development over time in relation.

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Figure 1 Factors underlying metabolic alterations in osteoarthritis

Figure 1 Induction of immune tolerance

Figure 3 Proposed mechanisms underlying the links

Figure 2 Main functions of IL-1

Figure 4 Involvement of SEMA4D in the pathogenesis

Figure 2 Targeted versus untargeted metabolomics approaches

Figure 1 Metabolic profiling as a tool for studying rheumatic diseases

Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol. doi: /nrclinonc

Figure 3 Transcriptome studies performed in the target

Figure 2 Shared genetic loci in systemic autoimmune diseases

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Figure 7 Defects in apoptosis

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Figure 3 TNFSF activities enhancing immune cell activation

Nat. Rev. Nephrol. doi: /nrneph

Figure 4 Combination immunotherapeutic approaches with imatinib

Figure 3 Defects in the T cell receptor signalling pathway

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Figure 4 Approaches to targeting inhibitory immune receptors

Nat. Rev. Urol. doi: /nrurol

Figure 4 Macrophage-targeting antitumour treatment approaches

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Figure 1 Activation and signalling of IL-1

Nat. Rev. Rheumatol. doi: /nrrheum

Nat. Rev. Rheumatol. doi: /nrrheum

Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol. doi: /nrclinonc

Figure 3 Statistical approaches for the analysis of metabolomic data

Nat. Rev. Nephrol. doi: /nrneph

Figure 3 Age-related changes in TGFβ signalling in articular cartilage

Nat. Rev. Rheumatol. doi: /nrrheum

Figure 2 Influence of fucosylation on IgG effector functions

Figure 3 Multi-hit model for autoimmune diseases

Nat. Rev. Rheumatol. doi: /nrrheum

Nat. Rev. Rheumatol. doi: /nrrheum

Nat. Rev. Rheumatol. doi: /nrrheum

Nat. Rev. Rheumatol. doi: /nrrheum

Figure 2 Approaches to improve CAR-T-cell therapy

Figure 4 TNFSF inflammatory activities in tissue cells

Figure 2 Site of action of checkpoint inhibitors and agonists being

Nat. Rev. Rheumatol. doi: /nrrheum

Figure 3 Inflammatory mechanisms in tendinopathy

Figure 2 Dominance of the cell-extrinsic effects of autophagy

Figure 1 The current model of the pathogenesis of SLE

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Figure 1 Mechanisms of oncolytic-virus-based cancer therapy

Figure 2 GM-CSF — a key player in inflammation and autoimmunity

Figure 1 Sequence of events in the development of autoimmune nephritis

Figure 1 Mechanisms of action of immunotherapy modalities

Figure 1 Chronic inflammation and DNA damage in people with SLE

Figure 2 Cellular contributions to the development of SLE

Nat. Rev. Rheumatol. doi: /nrrheum

Figure 1 Extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of apoptosis

Nat. Rev. Rheumatol. doi: /nrrheum

Figure 1 The role of macrophages in RA

Figure 2 The main effects of adipokines on bone remodelling in osteoarthritis Figure 2 | The main effects of adipokines on bone remodelling in osteoarthritis.

Releasing the Brakes on Cancer Immunotherapy

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Human cancer immunotherapy strategies targeting B7-H3 A, blockade of B7-H3 with blocking mAbs neutralizes inhibitory signaling in its unidentified receptor(s)

Presentation transcript:

Nat. Rev. Rheumatol. doi:10.1038/nrrheum.2016.131 Figure 1 Immune balance: autoimmunity versus cancer, and the role of immune checkpoints Figure 1 | Immune balance: autoimmunity versus cancer, and the role of immune checkpoints. The immune system is suppressed by immune checkpoint signalling mediated by inhibitory receptors and, in the setting of cancer, increased checkpoint signalling contributes to the failure of cytotoxic T cells to kill tumour cells (part a). Checkpoint-blocking therapies for cancer target inhibitory receptors to block their function, which releases the brake and promotes the activation of cytotoxic T cells so that they can kill tumour cells (part b). During health, immune responses are balanced to prevent damage to self, while being aggressive enough to eliminate pathogens and tumours (part c). Promoting inhibitory receptor signalling can dampen inflammation and have beneficial effects on processes involved in autoimmune diseases (parts d and e). NET, neutrophil extracellular trap; pDC, plasmacytoid dendritic cell. van der Vlist, M. et al. (2016) Immune checkpoints and rheumatic diseases: what can cancer immunotherapy teach us? Nat. Rev. Rheumatol. doi:10.1038/nrrheum.2016.131