Foundations of Atomic Theory

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Foundations of Atomic Theory Section 1 The Atom: From Philosophical Idea to Scientific Theory Foundations of Atomic Theory The transformation of a substance or substances into one or more new substances is known as a chemical reaction. Law of conservation of mass: mass is neither created nor destroyed during ordinary chemical reactions or physical changes

Section 1 The Atom: From Philosophical Idea to Scientific Theory Chemical Reaction Click below to watch the Visual Concept. Visual Concept

Law of Conservation of Mass Section 1 The Atom: From Philosophical Idea to Scientific Theory Law of Conservation of Mass Click below to watch the Visual Concept. Visual Concept

Foundations of Atomic Theory, continued Section 1 The Atom: From Philosophical Idea to Scientific Theory Foundations of Atomic Theory, continued Law of definite proportions: a chemical compound contains the same elements in exactly the same proportions by mass regardless of the size of the sample or source of the compound Law of multiple proportions: if two or more different compounds are composed of the same two elements, then the ratio of the masses of the second element combined with a certain mass of the first element is always a ratio of small whole numbers

Law of Definite Proportions Section 1 The Atom: From Philosophical Idea to Scientific Theory Law of Definite Proportions Click below to watch the Visual Concept. Visual Concept

Law of Multiple Proportions Section 1 The Atom: From Philosophical Idea to Scientific Theory Law of Multiple Proportions Click below to watch the Visual Concept. Visual Concept

Law of Conservation of Mass Section 1 The Atom: From Philosophical Idea to Scientific Theory Law of Conservation of Mass

Law of Multiple Proportions Section 1 The Atom: From Philosophical Idea to Scientific Theory Law of Multiple Proportions

Dalton’s Atomic Theory Section 1 The Atom: From Philosophical Idea to Scientific Theory Dalton’s Atomic Theory All matter is composed of extremely small particles called atoms. Atoms of a given element are identical in size, mass, and other properties; atoms of different elements differ in size, mass, and other properties. Atoms cannot be subdivided, created, or destroyed.

Dalton’s Atomic Theory, continued Section 1 The Atom: From Philosophical Idea to Scientific Theory Dalton’s Atomic Theory, continued Atoms of different elements combine in simple whole-number ratios to form chemical compounds. In chemical reactions, atoms are combined, separated, or rearranged.

Section 1 The Atom: From Philosophical Idea to Scientific Theory Modern Atomic Theory Not all aspects of Dalton’s atomic theory have proven to be correct. We now know that: Atoms are divisible into even smaller particles. A given element can have atoms with different masses. Some important concepts remain unchanged. All matter is composed of atoms. Atoms of any one element differ in properties from atoms of another element.

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