Captopril-induced glutamate release at the start of reperfusion after cold cardioplegic storage of pig hearts Flemming Randsbaek, MD, Hans-Henrik Kimose,

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Captopril-induced glutamate release at the start of reperfusion after cold cardioplegic storage of pig hearts Flemming Randsbaek, MD, Hans-Henrik Kimose, MD, PhD, Thomas Bjerre, BS, Ulla Møldrup, MD, Hans Erik Bøtker, MD, PhD, Torsten Toftegaard Nielsen, MD, DMSc The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Volume 119, Issue 5, Pages 1030-1038 (May 2000) DOI: 10.1016/S0022-5223(00)70099-7 Copyright © 2000 American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Net glutamate and glucose flux in captopril-treated (n = 9) and control (n = 8) hearts at the start of reperfusion (0 minutes). Note that the net glucose flux was 0.0 mmol/min in 3 control animals. At the start of reperfusion, captopril increased glutamate release approximately 11-fold (‡P < .001) and glucose uptake 5-fold (†P = .02). The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2000 119, 1030-1038DOI: (10.1016/S0022-5223(00)70099-7) Copyright © 2000 American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Correlation between glutamate release and glucose uptake in captopril-treated hearts (n = 9) at the start of reperfusion. There was a linear relationship between the two variables in captopril-treated hearts (r = 0.66, P = .05), which could not be found in control hearts. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2000 119, 1030-1038DOI: (10.1016/S0022-5223(00)70099-7) Copyright © 2000 American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Schematic presentation of the coupling between glutamate metabolism, glycolysis, and reactions of the citric acid cycle, indicating the pathways of anaerobic energy formation (A) , and oxidative metabolism of glucose and possible fate of glutamate under aerobic conditions (B) . α-KGA, α-Keto-glutarate; ASP, aspartate; ATP, adenosine triphosphate; CIT, citrate; FUM, fumerate; GTP, guanosine triphosphate; MAL, malate; NAD and NADH, oxidized and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; OAA, oxaloacetate. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2000 119, 1030-1038DOI: (10.1016/S0022-5223(00)70099-7) Copyright © 2000 American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions