J.A. Short, S.T. Paris, P.D. Booker, R Fletcher

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Arterial to end-tidal carbon dioxide tension difference in children with congenital heart disease† J.A. Short, S.T. Paris, P.D. Booker, R Fletcher British Journal of Anaesthesia Volume 86, Issue 3, Pages 349-353 (March 2001) DOI: 10.1093/bja/86.3.349 Copyright © 2001 British Journal of Anaesthesia Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Components of the carbon dioxide dissociation curve for whole blood. Dissolved carbon dioxide and bicarbonate ion vary with Pco2 but are little affected by the state of oxygenation of the haemoglobin. Carbamino carriage of carbon dioxide is strongly influenced by the state of oxygenation of haemoglobin but hardly at all by Pco2. (Reproduced with permission from Nunn's Applied Respiratory Physiology.5) British Journal of Anaesthesia 2001 86, 349-353DOI: (10.1093/bja/86.3.349) Copyright © 2001 British Journal of Anaesthesia Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 The broken lines on the graph indicate the carbamino carriage of carbon dioxide at different levels of saturation of haemoglobin with oxygen (Hb 15 g dl−1). A represents arterial blood and V represents mixed venous blood in patients with no gas exchange lesion. (Reproduced with permission from Nunn's Applied Respiratory Physiology.6) British Journal of Anaesthesia 2001 86, 349-353DOI: (10.1093/bja/86.3.349) Copyright © 2001 British Journal of Anaesthesia Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 The observed and predicted Paco2–Pe′co2 differences, plotted against arterial saturation measured by pulse oximetry, for 50 children undergoing cardiac surgery. The solid line represents the regression line for predicted data [regression equation: difference=3.45–0.033(SaO2), r=–0.92, P<0.0001] and the broken line represents the regression line for the observed data [difference=4.5–0.038(SaO2), r=–0.52, P=0.0001]. The observed values are shown in two groups to indicate which patients had clinical evidence of pulmonary congestion before surgery. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2001 86, 349-353DOI: (10.1093/bja/86.3.349) Copyright © 2001 British Journal of Anaesthesia Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 Oxygen saturation when spontaneously breathing air plotted against arterial saturation with increased FiO2 and controlled ventilation under general anaesthesia, for 50 children with congenital heart disease. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2001 86, 349-353DOI: (10.1093/bja/86.3.349) Copyright © 2001 British Journal of Anaesthesia Terms and Conditions

Fig 5 The error in measured end-tidal Pco2 associated with small tidal volumes, using a carbon dioxide-producing lung model and a calibration test gas. The y axis represents the actual value recorded divided by the Pco2 measured at a control tidal volume of 300 ml. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2001 86, 349-353DOI: (10.1093/bja/86.3.349) Copyright © 2001 British Journal of Anaesthesia Terms and Conditions