Biomolecules

What are the 4 most commonly used types of atoms in biology? H = Hydrogen (1 bond) O = Oxygen (2 bonds) N = Nitrogen (3 bonds) C = Carbon (4 bonds) HONC if you Biology!

- Atoms = smallest unit of “stuff” that behaves a certain way - Molecules = 2 or more atoms that are chemically bonded together

Mono mer = one piece in a biomolecule one piece ex. Poly mer = big molecule, many pieces bonded together many pieces ex. Dehydration Synthesis = removes water to join monomers together less water making ex. + → Hydro lysis = adds water to cut apart monomers water cut ex. → +

Biomolecule Category: Carbohydrates - Atoms: C, H, O - Monomers: simple sugars Polymers: starches cellulose - Function: store energy

Biomolecule Category: Lipids - Atoms: many C, H, a few O - Monomers: fatty acids glycerol Polymers: phospholipids fats saturated = solid at room temp unsaturated = liquid at room temp - Function: make cell membrane or store lots of energy

Biomolecule Category: Proteins - Atoms: C, H, O, N - Monomers: amino acids - Polymers: proteins - Function: many jobs inside the cell, shape determines job

Proteins have specific shapes…

Biomolecule Category: Nucleic Acids - Atoms: C, H, O, N, P - Monomers: nucleotides - Polymers: DNA, RNA - Function: store info about how to build the cell