CSE 451: Operating Systems Autumn 2010 Module in 9 slides

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CSE 451: Operating Systems Autumn 2010 Module 20 461 in 9 slides Ed Lazowska lazowska@cs.washington.edu Allen Center 570 1

© 2010 Gribble, Lazowska, Levy, Zahorjan 4/17/2019 © 2010 Gribble, Lazowska, Levy, Zahorjan

Data link layer: Ethernet Broadcast network CSMA-CD: Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection recall the “standing in a circle, drinking beer and telling stories” analogy Packetized – fixed Every computer has a unique physical address 00-08-74-C9-C8-7E 4/17/2019 © 2010 Gribble, Lazowska, Levy, Zahorjan

© 2010 Gribble, Lazowska, Levy, Zahorjan Packet format Interface listens for its address, interrupts OS when a packet is received physical address payload 4/17/2019 © 2010 Gribble, Lazowska, Levy, Zahorjan

© 2010 Gribble, Lazowska, Levy, Zahorjan Network layer: IP Internet Protocol (IP) routes packets across multiple networks, from source to destination Every computer has a unique Internet address 172.30.192.251 Individual networks are connected by routers that have physical addresses (and interfaces) on each network 4/17/2019 © 2010 Gribble, Lazowska, Levy, Zahorjan

© 2010 Gribble, Lazowska, Levy, Zahorjan A really hairy protocol lets any node on a network find the physical address on that network of a router that can get a packet one step closer to its destination Packet format physical address payload IP address 4/17/2019 © 2010 Gribble, Lazowska, Levy, Zahorjan

© 2010 Gribble, Lazowska, Levy, Zahorjan A separate really hairy protocol, DNS (the Domain Name Service), maps from intelligible names (lazowska.org) to IP addresses (209.180.207.60) So to send a packet to a destination use DNS to convert domain name to IP address prepare IP packet, with payload prefixed by IP address determine physical address of appropriate router encapsulate IP packet in Ethernet packet with appropriate physical address blast away! Detail: port number gets you to a specific address space on a system a process can “register” for a port, and some are always used: 25=SMTP, 80=web server, 20=FTP, 22=ssh, etc. 4/17/2019 © 2010 Gribble, Lazowska, Levy, Zahorjan

© 2010 Gribble, Lazowska, Levy, Zahorjan Transport layer: TCP TCP: Transmission Control Protocol manages to fabricate reliable multi-packet messages out of unreliable single-packet datagrams analogy: sending a book via postcards – what’s required? physical address payload IP address payload TCP crap payload 4/17/2019 © 2010 Gribble, Lazowska, Levy, Zahorjan

© 2010 Gribble, Lazowska, Levy, Zahorjan Summary Using TCP/IP and lower layers, we can get multi-packet messages delivered reliably from address space A on machine B to address space C on machine D, where machines B and D are many heterogeneous network hops apart, without knowing any of the underlying details Higher protocol layers facilitate specific services email: smtp web: http file transfer: ftp remote login: telnet 4/17/2019 © 2010 Gribble, Lazowska, Levy, Zahorjan

© 2010 Gribble, Lazowska, Levy, Zahorjan 4/17/2019 © 2010 Gribble, Lazowska, Levy, Zahorjan