Immunology of Helicobacter pylori: Insights Into the Failure of the Immune Response and Perspectives on Vaccine Studies  Keith T. Wilson, Jean E. Crabtree  Gastroenterology  Volume 133, Issue 1, Pages 288-308 (July 2007) DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2007.05.008 Copyright © 2007 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Schematic of the immune response to H pylori. Dotted lines represent more speculative components of the immunopathogenesis. Items in green are derived from the bacteria, and in black are from the host. OMPs, outer membrane proteins; PGN, peptidoglycan. Gastroenterology 2007 133, 288-308DOI: (10.1053/j.gastro.2007.05.008) Copyright © 2007 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Pathways involved in the regulation of macrophage iNOS synthesis and NO production in response to H pylori, and proposed pathogenic role of the generation of the polyamine spermine by the induction of arginase and ODC that results in inhibition of iNOS protein translation.11,39–41,48 CAT2, cationic amino acid transporter 2. Gastroenterology 2007 133, 288-308DOI: (10.1053/j.gastro.2007.05.008) Copyright © 2007 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Mechanisms involved in the induction of macrophage apoptosis by H pylori.45–47 CAT2, cationic amino acid transporter 2. Gastroenterology 2007 133, 288-308DOI: (10.1053/j.gastro.2007.05.008) Copyright © 2007 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Immune-mediated alterations in gastrin and somatostatin secretion and enterochromaffin like (ECL) and parietal (P) cell function in H pylori infection. Modified from Peek and Crabtree.24 Copyright Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Reproduced with permission. Permission is granted by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of PathSoc. Gastroenterology 2007 133, 288-308DOI: (10.1053/j.gastro.2007.05.008) Copyright © 2007 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions