River Valley Civilizations (Excluding the 1st: Mesopotamia)

Ancient Egypt (2,700 -1,075 B.C.E) Ancient Egypt was located along the Nile River Ancient Egyptian history was divided into 2 time periods Old Kingdom (2,700-2180 B.C.E) New Kingdom (1,570-1,075 B.C.E) Egyptian cities contained thousands of specialized workers and slaves Memphis-capital during Old Kingdom Thebes-capital during New Kingdom

Ancient Egypt The Egyptian religion was polytheistic. Religion was based around the Pharaoh (God-King)-people worshiped them. This created a theocracy-government based upon religion Giant Pyramids built as tombs for Pharaohs (Kings) Egyptians mummified their dead Pharaohs Included gold and other valuables for the afterlife in their tombs

Ancient Egypt Egyptians developed record keeping: Hieroglyphics-The ancient Egyptian writing system (Pictograms that stood for ideas and sounds) They inscribed Hieroglyphs on clay tablets or on Papyrus reeds

Ancient Egypt The Egyptians developed many innovations: Medicine-the first people to perform surgeries and give medicines. Geometry & Architecture-Giant pyramids built Solar Calendar-1st one developed (365 Day) Irrigation Systems w/ Cataracts (dams)

The Emergence of Empires Around 1700 B.C.E several human migrations began to take place. Some of these people began conquering foreign cities and civilizations, creating the world’s first empires. Empire-a collection of peoples or territories controlled centrally by an emperor. Centralization-the act of bringing many together.

The Egyptians Build an Empire During the New Kingdom, the Egyptians extended their control over thousands of miles. Under pharaohs such as Hatshepsut, Thutmose III, and Ramses II Egypt was built up. Valley of Kings was built during this time.

The Hittite Empire (1650-1190 B.C.E) Around 1650 B.C.E., a group of Indo-Europeans called the Hittites formed an empire in Anatolia, modern-day Turkey. The Hittites were war-like and used iron weapons and shields. They used horse-drawn chariots to conquer their subjects. They conquered Mesopotamia and won many battles against the Egyptians.

Review Can you give me 2 similarities between Hinduism and Buddhism? Can you give me 2 differences? What was the primary belief behind Confucianism?

History-1/20 Label on your Map I from last week: Shade/Outline and Label these items: The Qin and Han (187) Dynasties, The Persian Empire (87), The Mauryan and Gupta Empires (191). Include these as well: Persepolis Silk Road (187)

History-8/10 What did Chinese dynasties have to claim in order to become the new ruling dynasty? What was the main belief behind Confucianism? Look up the term Legalism on page 106 in your book. How is this philosophy different from Confucianism? Which do you think is a better way to rule society? Explain.

Palestine (2,000-600 B.C.E) The Phoenicians Eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea Great traders all across the Mediterranean Dye, weapons, metals, ivory, etc. Traveled in large ships Created the world’s first Alphabet

Phoenician Alphabet

Palestine (2,000-600 B.C.E) The Hebrews Developed the world’s first monotheistic religion (Judaism)-Jewish Homeland became Israel Abraham-father of Judaism Moses-wrote the Ten Commandments The Torah-First 5 books of the Old Testament

What do you need to create an Empire?

Creating your own Ancient Empire Look at your map Land: On your own paper, explain what parts of that map you would want to conquer to make a part of your new empire. Make sure to give specifics into why you would conquer that part of the map. Must conquer at least 5 different chunks of land/civilizations. (Draw out you empire on your paper) Capital: What city will be your capital? Why? What type of buildings will you build to make this city magnificent? Structure of Cities: Government: How are you going to govern all this land and all these different groups of people? How will you avoid conflicts from different cultures? Military: How are you going to organize your military? (how many troops, where will they be stationed, will you have a navy? Cavalry? Etc.) Economy: What is your economy going to be based on? How do you keep a steady amount of money flowing throughout your empire? Religion, Education, Language

How the Egyptians Built the Pyramids You come up with your theory Great Pyramid-Khufu (500 ft. tall) 2.3 million blocks Each block weighs 15 tons The blocks are a mile away from the building site Ancient tools, no advanced technology How did they do it?

Indus Valley Civilization/Harappan Civ. (2500-1500 B.C.E) The Indus Valley Civilization thrived along the Indus River in modern-day Pakistan Historians mark these people as the first civilization in Ancient India. Cities were built on a grid system with oven-baked bricks and high walls (to protect from Indus flooding and monsoon winds) Cities included plumbing and sewage systems Mohenjo-Daro Harappa

Indus Valley Civilization/Harappan Civ. Harappan culture included a written language (has not been translated) Symbols were in scripted on stone seals Religion was polytheistic Priests guided daily life (Theocracy) Trade was a part of everyday life Often transported valuable goods like copper to Sumer

Indus Valley Taken Over by Aryans (1500 B.C.E) Aryans from North of India invaded and conquered the Indus Valley around 1500 B.C.E Aryans established a Caste System Brahmins at the top Hinduism religion developed Polytheistic Re-incarnation Karma

Buddhism Develops Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha)-developed Buddhism in the 500s B.C.E Searched for enlightenment, or wisdom to end suffering The Four Noble Truths Desire causes suffering Eightfold Path/Middle Way Nirvana-release from selfishness and pain.

Chinese Dynasties Ancient China was characterized by dynasties-series of rulers from same family The Zhou Dynasty was one of the earliest (1027-256 B.C.E) Farmers btw. Huang He and Chiang Jiang Rivers Developed the Mandate of Heaven-the gods’ approval to rule Dynastic Cycle

Confucianism Develops Confucius (551-479 B.C.E)-China’s greatest philosopher Developed a moral code to live by. Five Relationships Filial Piety-respect for parents and ancestors Stressed education Created a bureaucracy, or trained civil service for the government. Based on an Exam System (merit)

History-8/11 If you have any last details to add to your Dynasty Diagram, do it now. Take time afterwards to study for quiz. I will be coming around to check your maps.

Forging An Empire! With your group, draw the lands you are going to conquer. Use your maps you completed to give you ideas. How are you going to govern your empire (structure). Come up with as many ideas on how your empire can become the strongest and remain stable the longest. You will be competing against other empires later in class. The more details and more advanced ideas you come up with, the better chance you have at winning the competition.

The Qin Dynasty (221-202 B.C.E) Founded by Shi Huangdi, “First Emperor.” Unified China through conquest Harsh ruler; centralized autocracy Legalism Burned Confucian texts Built the Great Wall of China

The Han Dynasty (202 B.C.E-220 C.E.) Expanded under Emperor Wudi, “The Martial Emperor” Increased trade by building silk roads across China Created a Bureaucracy with civil service jobs Examination System based upon Confucianism Spread Chinese thought Technology (paper)

Ancient China (2,000-200 B.C.E) The ancient Chinese thrived in between the Huang He (Yellow) and Chang Jiang (Yangtze) Rivers These rivers flooded violently Geographically isolated from outsiders Great Wall of China

Ancient China Chinese Dynasties (rulers from the same family over time) ruled Ancient China 1st. Xia Dynasty 2nd. Shang Dynasty 3rd. Zhou Dynasty 4th: Qin Dynasty 5th: Han Dynasty Feudalism-system in which nobles (lords) are granted land in exchange for military service and loyalty to the King. Mandate of Heaven-approval from gods to rule (new dynasties/rulers had to have this) Confucianism-philosophy developed in the 6th Century B.C.E that emphasized respect for elders (Filial Piety)

Ancient China Early Chinese religion was polytheistic Ancient Chinese writing included pictograms/symbols Each character represented a different unit of language Over 10,000 characters No link between spoken language and writing system Innovations included: Roads & Canals Silk Cast Iron tools & weapons Coined money

The Persian Empire (550-330 B.C.E) Founded by Cyrus the Great in 550 B.C.E Largest ancient empire Began in modern-day Iran and spread east and west. Conquered the Babylonians, Egyptians, Indus, Turkey, and parts of Greece. Darius-built up the empire Royal Road-trade and communication network Standarized Coins-1st to do this Satraps-governors who ruled different parts of the empire Tolerant to other cultures Zoroastrianism-the Persian religion based on good v. evil Strong military with infantry, cavalry, and navy

History-8/15 Test Today!! Staple your Vocab and/or questions to your Unit 1 Organizer. Make sure your name is on it. Do you remember these answers? 1. The Persian Empire originated in what modern-day country? 2. How did the Persians govern their empire? List 3 things. 3. The emperor most responsible for spreading Buddhism across the Mauryan Empire was _____. 4. What was the Gupta most remembered for in India’s history? What religion did they re-establish?

The Mauryan Empire The Mauryan Empire India’s First major empire Chandragupta Maurya united India by 303 B.C.E and created the Mauryan Empire. Asoka-Maurya’s grandson became India’s greatest king and spread Buddhism across the Mauryan Empire. Religious Toleration Created provincial governors to rule.

The Gupta Empire- 335-535 C.E Founded by Chandra Gupta “Golden Age” experienced profit from trade and achievements in the arts, science, and religious thought. Created the value of zero Expanded Hinduism Skilled in Astronomy