Reform Movements

Unit 10 page 2 – “2nd Great Awakening leads to Reform Movements” Outside of Flap: PUBLIC EDUCATION Outside of Flap: Care of Mentally Disabled Dorthea Dix – building of new hospitals for mentally ill, deaf & blind Horace Mann Opening of public schools (mostly North) More private schools Abolition 1807 Congress bans importation of Af slaves in U.S. 1820-1840 – Abolition movement grows 1840-1850 – Underground RR begins to make impact & abolition joins women’s movement Separate jails for men/women/children Mission of prisons = rehabilitation Outside of Flap: Prison Reform Better working conditions 10 hour work day Lowell Mills girls Outside of Flap: Women’s Rights Some states prohibited or banned the sale of alcohol Outside of Flap: Temperance

Unit 10 page 2 – “2nd Great Awakening leads to Reform Movements” Renewal of religious faith Helping others (good Samaritan) Want to reform – make things better 1790’s – early 1800s 2

Unit 10 page 3 Back of flap: -Abolition Movement inspires women’s rights movement -1st convening/meeting of women in the U.S. = beginning of women’s rights/suffrage movement Notebook paper under the flap: Organized by Lucretia Mott & Elizabeth Cady Stanton Declaration of Sentiments modeled after DOI “All men & WOMEN are created equal.” Gained property rights but NOT THE RIGHT TO VOTE

Unit 10 page 3 P-began fight for suffrage/voting rights E-Fought for workers’ rights (10 hour workday) S-allowed women to be successful in other fields *Elizabeth Blackwell – 1st female doctor Elizabeth Cady Stanton Leader of women’s suffrage Wrote “Declaration of Sentiments & Grievances” Abolitionist & active in Temperance Movement Organized Seneca Falls Convention Susan B. Anthony Key spokesperson Published The Revolution Abolition Women’s suffrage Right for women to own property Equal pay Lucretia Mott Abolitionist Religious reformer Helped organize Seneca Falls Convention

Unit 10 page 4 People who wanted slavery to end Did not want slavery to spread west 1804 – all states NORTH of PA outlawed slavery 1807 – Congress banned IMPORTATION of slaves 1830 = # of abolitionists “Ain’t I a Woman?” SOJOURNER TRUTH Escaped slavery Advocate for equal rights for men and women Recruited Af Am to fight in Civil War William Lloyd Garrison Published The Liberator Organized New England Anti-Slavery Society Frederick Douglass Accomplished orator & writer (spoke about cruel treatment) Published North Star Abolitionist newspaper Escaped slave Leading Af. Am. abolitionists

Unit 10 page 5 Grimke Sisters Raised on South Carolina slave holding farm Traveled North Became Quakers Spoke out against slavery Harriet Tubman “Conductor” of Underground Railroad Escaped slave Supported by abolitionists Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote “Uncle Tom’s Cabin” 1853 Book that depicts HARSH realities of slavery N=Increase support for abolition S=banned sale of book

U10-pg 6 “Romanticism” ART Music John James Audubon 1. Slave Drew Am wildlife/birds Spirituals Hudson River School 2. Gospel Paintings depict romantic landscapes Music = nature at center 3. “Battle Hymn of 3 Themes : the Republic” 1. Discovery 2. exploration 3. Settlement (Union – Civil War) Albert Bierstadt’s = River landscapes: a promise for 4. “Dixie” a new beginning for the nation (Confederacy – CW) Influence of European Art that stressed: the 1)Individual 2) Imagination 3) Creativity and Emotion Drew inspiration from nature Nathaniel Hawthorne – “Scarlett Letter” Wrote about morality Edgar Allan Poe – tales of mystery James Fenimore Cooper – “Last of the Mohicans” Herman Melville – “Moby Dick” Impact of Fine Arts – 1. Increases in educated population 2.. Financial ability to participate in Fine Arts

U10-page 7 “Transcendentalism” American Literary, political & PHILOSOPHICAL movement Early 19th century (1800s) Critics of contemporary (current/normal) society Because “unthinking conformity” – just do what every body else does ***Spiritual world is more important than physical**** Leaders Ralph Waldo Emerson Henry David Thoreau Encouraged CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-Don’t obey laws that you don’t agree with Think! Didn’t believe in MX-AM War or slavery so didn’t pay taxes Emily Dickenson Walt Whitman Mark Twain