Golden Oldies Socialization and Motivation October 31, 2006 Ekaterina Turkina Red Team October 31, 2006

Joseph Gusfield: “Tradition and Modernity: Misplaced Polarities in the Study of Social Change” Lu Wenfu: “The Man From a Peddler’s Family” 3. George M. Guess: “Tradition and Modernity: Misplaced Polarities in the Study of Social Change” 4. A. H. Maslow: “A Theory of Human Motivation”

Joseph Gusfield: “Being modern is far more ambiguous than being British” Tradition and Modernity: Misplaced Polarities in the Study of Social Change: Existing institutions and values (the content of tradition) are not impediments to change Anglo-American reforms are inevitable outcome of political process in new nations Weber’s concept that tradition is in conflict with modernity is called obsolete

Fallacies: Developing societies have been static societies Tradition, culture is a consistent body of norms and values Traditional society is a homogeneous social structure Old traditions are displaced by new changes Traditional and modern forms are always in conflict Tradition and modernity are mutually exclusive Modernizing process weakens traditions “Modern” becomes a perceived state of things functioning as a criterion against which to judge specific actions

Lu Wenfu: “The Man From a Peddler’s Family” About the author: Worked as a journalist for 8 year and after published his first story “Honor” was persecuted by the Chinese authorities Denounced as an “anti-party element” 3 times (sent to work at a machine plant, then at a cotton mill, and finally to a farm )

Ideas: Conflicting ideologies ( socialism and capitalism): “Capitalism rests on selfish thinking” “Socialism required a certain uniformity. It was not proper to have capitalist peddlers roaming the streets late at night” 2. The role of an individual and the ability of an individual to adapt to change 3. Human Nature (selfish, based on personal interest)

George M. Guess Comparative and International Administration: 1. Classical Era: Alliance for Progress (1961-1972) and New Directions (1973-1980)- period of US foreign assistance Focus on the transformation of the whole system Functionalist framework Transfer of Western technology and systems for modernization and democratic development Drawback: was not useful in designing administrative systems

New Comparative Administration: 1981- fiscal conservatism and skepticism influenced CPA Focus on empirical research on significant institutional problems of LDCs (state entrepreneurship, personnel and public expenditure management systems) Public choice ( focusing on decision-making implications) Civil service reform Reorganization and government reinvention Critique: it is wrong to assume that CPA reforms will bring LDCs to the stage of Western modernity (stagnation can occur); it is difficult to explain specific outcomes; “black box” problem- how to reinvent governments beyond introduction of existing methods

Comparative Public Administration moved from theoretical emphasis of classical era to a new empirical emphasis that tries to solve problems of policy and management. Classical CPA was mostly focused on rhetorical debate ( tensions between socialist and western alternatives) New Comparative Public Administration is more focused on practical applications : public budgeting, public personnel management and intergovernmental relations

A. H. Maslow A Theory of Human Motivation “For our chronically and extremely hungry man Utopia can be defined very simply by a place where there is plenty of food” A Theory of Human Motivation There are at least 5 basic sets of goals which are called basic needs: physiological, safety, love, self-esteem and self actualization These basic goals are related to each other, being arranged in a hierarchy of prepotency (Thus man is a perpetually wanting animal) Any thwarting of these basic human needs is considered to be a psychological threat Basic threats bring about emergency reactions