New Threats from Overseas Chapter 10 Lesson 3 New Threats from Overseas

I Trading Around the World After the Revolution, American overseas trade grew quickly. Yankee captains kept lookout for new goods and new markets. Sawed ice from frozen New England ponds and traded with India for silk and spices. 1784- Empress of China became the first American ship to trade with China. Quickly built up a profitable Chinese trade using furs from the Pacific Northwest.

F. Yankee traders had visited the Pacific Northwest so often, Indians there called the white traders “Boston.” G. Trading was risky. 1. Pirates from the Barbary States (nations along the coast of North Africa) attacked passing ships. 2. To protect ships, the U.S. paid a yearly tribute to rulers of Barbary States such as Tripoli. 3. 1801- Tripoli increased demands. U.S. refused to pay. 4. War was declared on the U.S.

I. Jefferson ordered a naval blockade on the port of Tripoli. J. Philadelphia vessel captured, but burned at night by Americans to prevent use but pirates. K. Marines landed on the coast of North Africa and marched 500 miles to launch a surprise attack on Tripoli. L. 1805- Tripoli signed a treaty promising to not interfere with American ships.

II American Neutrality is Violated Britain and France went to war again in 1803. Americans profited from this by selling goods to both sides and the U.S. hurried to build new ships. Both refused to recognize American neutrality. Napoleon seized American ships headed for England. British stopped U.S. ships headed to France. Hundreds of U.S. ships were captured between 1805-1807.

F. British navy increased impressment by forcing more males into the navy. 1. Impressment gangs raided British villages and took young men to serve. G. British ships stopped American vessels, seizing any British sailors serving on American ships but also impressing many American sailors in the process. H. Americans were eager for war.

III Jefferson Tries an Embargo Jefferson knew that American navy was no match for the British. 1807- Congress passed the Embargo Act, cutting off supplies to both France and Britain but it also hurt American traders. Exports dropped by more than $80 million in one year. Southern docks were piled high with cotton and tobacco. Merchants protested the Embargo Act. Some even began smuggling goods. Jefferson began using the navy to enforce the embargo.

G. 1809- Jefferson admits Embargo Act is a failure. Congress replaces with Non-intercourse Act, allowing Americans to carry on trade with all nations except Britain and France. Despite the Embargo Act, Republicans remained strong. J. James Madison (R) won the 1808 presidential election.