Figure 1. Anti-oxidant and cell protective effects of bee pollen. 모든 Figure은 그림파일이 아닌 ppt파일에서 직접 작성해야 합니다. 그전 편집과정에서도 똑같은 요구를 했으나 정확한 의미를 전달받지 못한 것 같아서 Figure 예시파일을 보내드리오니 참조하여 재 수정바랍니다. A B Figure 1. Anti-oxidant and cell protective effects of bee pollen. (A) The anti-oxidant effects of bee pollen were examined by the DPPH radical scavenging assay. The concentrations of bee pollen were 0.5% or 1%, and 0.1% vitamin C was used as a positive control. The anti-oxidant activities of bee pollen were 42% and 88% of that measured for vitamin C, for 0.5 and 1% bee pollen, respectively. Data are shown as mean±SE. (B) Cell protective effects of bee pollen were examined by a lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay. CCD-986sk cells were cultured with media containing 0.1% or 1% bee pollen for 6 h, and the activities of LDH released from the cells were then measured with a spectrophotometer. The release of LDH activity was significantly reduced in the 1% bee pollen-treated group compared to the control. Data are shown as mean±SE. ***p<0.001 compared to control.

Figure 2. Effect of bee pollen on facial skin roughness. Twenty volunteers participated in the clinical study, and skin roughness was tested with an Antera 3D instrument at 2 and 4 weeks after bee pollen application. Skin roughness was reduced at both 2 and 4 weeks after bee pollen application. Data are shown as mean±SE. ***p<0.001 compared to data before bee pollen application.

Figure 3. Effect of bee pollen on facial skin moisture content. Twenty volunteers participated in the clinical study, and skin moisture content was tested with a Corneometer® CM 825 instrument at 2 and 4 weeks after bee pollen application. Skin moisture content was improved at both 2 and 4 weeks after bee pollen application. Data are shown as mean±SE. p<0.001 compared to data before bee pollen application.

Figure 4. Effect of bee pollen on wrinkles around the eyes. Twenty volunteers participated in the clinical study, and wrinkles around eyes were evaluated with an Antera 3D instrument at 2 and 4 weeks after bee pollen application. The extent of wrinkling around the eyes was reduced at both 2 and 4 weeks after bee pollen application. Data are shown as mean±SE. ***p<0.001 compared to data before bee pollen application.

Figure 5. Effect of bee pollen on skin transparency. Twenty volunteers participated in the clinical study, and facial skin transparency was tested with a Translucency meter TLS850 instrument at 2 and 4 weeks after bee pollen application. Skin transparency was improved at both 2 and 4 weeks after bee pollen application. Data are shown as mean±SE. ***p<0.001 compared to data before bee pollen application.

Figure 6. Effect of bee pollen on melanin index. Twenty volunteers participated in the clinical study, and the melanin index was measured with a Mexameter® MX 18 instrument at 2 and 4 weeks after bee pollen application. The melanin index was improved at both 2 and 4 weeks after bee pollen application. Data are shown as mean±SE. ***p<0.001 compared to data before bee pollen application.