Theoretical Perspectives

Functionalism Emphasizes the contributions made by each part of society (an integrated whole) Changes in one part of society affect the whole Societies return to normalcy/stability after upheaval- changes are absorbed into society

Functionalism Manifest functions: intended and recognized Latent functions: unintended and unrecognized Dysfunction: negative consequence of functions Cooperation in society is the result of consensus on values

Conflict Perspective Emphasizes conflict, competition, change and constraint Groups compete to maintain their own interests and values Power = the ability to control the behavior of others Changes occur when power shifts

Symbolic Interactionism Emphasizes the interactions among people based on mutually understood symbols Groups exist only because their members influence each other’s behavior Symbol= something that is used to mean something else Groups use symbols to establish understanding

Symbolic Interactionism We learn the meaning of symbols from the way we see others responding to it. Once learned, we base our behavior on them. We use meanings of symbols to imagine how others will respond to our behavior- to guide our interactions.

Symbolic Interactionism Presentation of Self/ Impression Management Calculating behavior/symbols to get desired reaction