Describing Matter

Matter Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space The Basic Particle Theory of Matter: Matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms Particles are in constant motion Particles are held together by strong forces There are empty spaces between particles Each substance has unique particles Temperature affects the speed of particles

Categories of Matter Elements: a substance that cannot be broken down into any other substances by chemical or physical means. Elements are called the building blocks of matter (they are made up of atoms) Elements are given a symbol (Like C, O, He)

Categories of Matter Compounds: substances that are made up of two or more elements that are chemically combined.

Categories of Matter Compounds: The combination of elements in a compound has a specific ratio (Like H2O, will have formula!)

Categories of Matter Mixtures: made from two or more substances that are in the same place, but are not chemically combined They keep their individual properties They have no specific ratio (no formula)

Comparing Categories

Can You Tell?

Can You Tell?

Properties of Matter Physical Properties: describe the appearance of matter; you can observe these properties without changing the matter (looking at it, measuring it) Shape Color Solubility (ability to dissolve) Odor Phase or state Melting point/Boiling point Density

Properties of Matter Chemical Properties: describe the chemical make up of matter; the matter is changed when these properties are observed Acidity (what is its pH?) Flammability/Combustibility (will it burn??) Reactivity (will it react with others?)

Additional Vocabulary Solution Solubility Solute Solvent Homogeneous mixture Heterogeneous mixture

Phases/States of Matter Matter can also be classified by the phase or state that it is found in Defined by whether or not they hold their shape and volume

Phases/States of Matter

Phases/States of Matter

Phases/States of Matter

Special Types of Solids

Special Types of Solids

Special Types of Liquids