Out of Africa? Ethiopia is where Johansen found skeletal remains. Louis & Mary found tools, evidence, and a skull in Lake Victoria Africa on the Equator.

Peopling the Earth Map depicting the way early modern humans (Homo sapiens) are thought to have spread across the globe. It also shows the geographical spread of Homo erectus and the Neanderthals. The dates are approximations (and not 100% guaranteed).

Into the Americas Land Bridge, Island Hopping, or a combination?

Ancient River Valley Civilizations

Four River Valley Civilization in the Eastern Hemisphere

Ancient River Valley Civilizations

Geography This civilization rose in the valleys between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers a rich alluvial plain. Many believe this Fertile Crescent was the real Garden of Eden.

In what modern day country was the Fertile Crescent?

Cities of Samaria Main Cities of Mesopotamia Ur Babylon Eridu Niniveh Akkad

The 1st Civilized City-state of Sumer

Judaism originated in the Middle East around 1000 BCE after the exile of Abraham for serving the single of Yahweh whom he choose from the Babylonian Pantheon of many gods. Judaism was one of the first monotheistic religions.

Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon, plundered Jerusalem and its Temple in the First Diaspora

Jews were discriminated against in the Roman Empire and eventually kicked out of their homeland, Israel, in what is known as the Second Diaspora.

Jewish Migrations between World War I and World War II Map of Jewish immigration, circa 1880-1924. Courtesy of http://friends-partners.org.

The Nile River

Three Kingdoms of Egypt

What modern day countries make up the Indus Valley Civilization?

Indo-European Migrations: 4m-2m BCE Caucus Mountains The Middle East Separated by Caucus Mountains: “The Crossroads of Three Continents”

China’s First Civilization and Empires

Yangtze River Yellow River