The key pathological mechanisms underlying vascular changes in pulmonary hypertension (PH). The key pathological mechanisms underlying vascular changes.

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Presentation transcript:

The key pathological mechanisms underlying vascular changes in pulmonary hypertension (PH). The key pathological mechanisms underlying vascular changes in pulmonary hypertension (PH). Potential new therapies for PH are also indicated. AEC: alveolar epithelial cell; vWF: von Willebrand factor; TXA2: thromboxane A2; NO: nitric oxide; EPC: endothelial progenitor cell; ET-1: endothelin-1; PGI2: prostaglandin I2; sGC: soluble guanylate cyclase; cGMP: cyclic guanosine monophosphate; 5-HT: 5-hydroxytryptamine; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor; bFGF: basic fibroblast growth factor; TGF-α: transforming growth factor-α; PDGF: platelet-derived growth factor; HGF: hepatocyte growth factor; PPARγ: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ; STAT3: signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; NFAT: nuclear factor of activated T-cells; MCP-1: monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; TNF: tumour necrosis factor; IL: interleukin; FKN: fractalkine; CCL: chemokine ligand; cAMP: cyclic adenosine monophosphate. Reproduced from [6] with permission from the publisher. M.R. Wilkins Eur Respir Rev 2012;21:19-26 ©2012 by European Respiratory Society