Chapter 12 Anatomy of the Human BRAIN

Start at 3:40 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kRuT4NVWOlA&list=PL820525887885BE2D&index=8 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3hY6eUuOEQ4&feature=plcp

4 Major Regions Cerebrum Diencephalon Brain Stem Cerebellum

External View

Function of LOBES

Internal View

Cerebrum CEREBRUM

Cerebrum Right & Left hemispheres connected by corpus callosum (bridge of fibers) Surface = ridges (gyri) & grooves (sulci) Center for reasoning & memory Largely determines a person’s intelligence and personality Composed of 4 lobes: Frontal Parietal Temporal Occipital

CEREBRUM FRONTAL LOBE Concentration, planning, problem-solving, cognition, frontal eye fields PARIETAL LOBE Understanding speech, using grammar and word organization TEMPORAL LOBE Sensory interpretation. Memory of visual and auditory patterns. OCCIPITAL LOBE Combines visual images and visual recognition of objects and shapes.

DIENCEPHALON Diencephalon

Diencephalon Thalamus Hypothalamus Integrates sensory impulses (except smell) Sends motor signals toward spinal cord Maintains consciousness Hypothalamus Produce hormones that control the pituitary Hunger Body Temperature Works with limbic system to control emotions

Cerebellum CEREBELLUM

Cerebellum Balance Posture Walking Coordinating Center for motor activity Balance Posture Walking

Brain Stem BRAIN STEM

Brain Stem Midbrain Pons Medulla oblongata Controls head and eyes in response to visual stimuli Controls head and trunk in response to auditory stimuli Pons Relay center between cerebrum and medulla Relay center between cerebellum and cerebrum Medulla oblongata Receives info from spinal cord Regulates heart rate, blood pressure, breathing Coughing, sneezing and vomiting

Ventricles

Ventricles There are 4: 2 lateral / right & left (in cerebrum) Third ventricle (near corpus callosum) Fourth ventricle (in brain stem) Cavities that fill with cerebrospinal fluid (nutrition & gas exchange for neurons)

Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2MKNsI5CWoU

6. Working memory & Judgement 4. Gustatory area (taste) 1. Visual area (sight) 4 8. Problem solving 5 1 3. Auditory area (hearing) 3 5. Broca’s area (speech) 7 2 8 7. Language & Comprehension 2. Olfactory area (smell)

language & comprehension gustatory area (taste) Broca's area (motor speech) auditory area (hearing) working memory & judgement visual area problem solving olfactory area (smell)

Teenage brain videos Part 1 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpMG7vS9pfw http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0JRxwVpXFB0 part 3 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rG7VZKl375g Neuricircuitry http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PzT_SBl31-s The teenage brain http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LWUkW4s3XxY Baby brain development http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MS5HUDVNbGs

Protection of the Brain Scalp Skull Meninges Dura mater = outermost layer Arachnoid mater = middle layer Subarachnoid space = space between arachnoid and pia mater > contains cerebrospinal fluid * Spinal tap 3. Pia mater = thinnest layer

Meninges

Meninges Dura mater Arachnoid Pia Mater Contains tough fibrous connective tissue with many blood vessels Arachnoid Thin, netlike layer with blood bessels that reabsorb cerebrospinal fluid Pia Mater Very thin layer with many blood vessels

Brain FUNCTION FRONTAL LOBE PARIETAL LOBE TEMPORAL LOBE CEREBELLUM Concentration, planning, problem-solvimg, cognition, frontal eye fields PARIETAL LOBE Understanding speech, using grammar and word organization TEMPORAL LOBE Sensory interpretation. Memory of visual and auditory patterns. CEREBELLUM Reflex for sensory information. Coordinating Center for motor activity Balance Posture Walking MEDULLA OBLONGATA Receives info from spinal cord Regulates heart rate, blood pressure, breathing Coughing, sneezing and vomiting OCCIPITAL LOBE Combines visual images and visual recognition of objects and shapes. PONS Relay center between cerebrum and medulla Relay center between cerebellum and cerebrum

Brain FUNCTION CORPUS CALLOSUM MAMMILARY BODY OPTIC CHIASMA Forms the neural connection between the right and left cerebral hemispheres MAMMILARY BODY Sense of smell (olfaction) OPTIC CHIASMA Where the optic fibers from the medial side of each eye cross PINEAL BODY (gland) Part of the endocrine system. Secretes MELATONIN – the “sleep trigger” hormone; controls sleep-wake cycle and mating behaviors PITUITARY GLAND Regulates hormonal control THALAMUS Integrates sensory impulses (except smell) Sends motor signals toward spinal cord Maintains consciousness HYPOTHALAMUS Produce hormones that control the pituitary Hunger Body Temperature Works with limbic system to control emotions MIDBRAIN Controls head and eyes in response to visual stimuli Controls head and trunk in response to auditory stimuli VENTRICLES Cavities that fill with cerebrospinal fluid (nutrition & gas exchange for neurons)

1. Visual area (sight) 4. Gustatory area (taste) 6. Working memory & Judgement 6 4 8. Problem solving 5 1 3 7 2 8 7. Language & Comprehension 2. Olfactory area (smell) 3. Auditory area (hearing) 5. Broca’s area (speech)

Take out a blank sheet of paper... Write full heading Write heading “DISORDERS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM” Write “1. Alzheimer’s”

Brain Disorders Alzheimer’s CBS Sunday Morning Jan’s Story A Love Lost to Alzheimer’s (Jan Chorlton) http://www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id=6601253n    Autism  Living with Autism http://www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id=2645143n  Narcolepsy http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C0GyhVN-HwU Alzheimer’s. Parkinson’s and Huntington’s Read textbook pp. 252-253 and write a summary of the “terrible three..