Roots of Europe - Indo-European homeland theories Indo-European Studies, Department of Nordic Studies and Linguistics Roots of Europe - Indo-European homeland theories Bjarne Simmelkjær Sandgaard Hansen Postdoc fellow, Ph.D. Department of Nordic Studies and Linguistics Copenhagen, 9 December 2014

Contents Student presentation by Nicolas Presentation Feedback Indo-European Studies, Department of Nordic Studies and Linguistics Contents Student presentation by Nicolas Presentation Feedback Exercise and in-class discussion: Hypotheses on the spatial and temporal location of the Indo-European homeland Kurgan hypothesis Anatolian hypothesis Balkan hypothesis Hypotheses centring on a Northern European origin Armenian hypothesis Out of India Theory Palaeolithic Continuity Theory Convergence area (Indo-European as a Sprachbund) Copenhagen, 9 December 2014

Student presentation by Nicolas Indo-European Studies, Department of Nordic Studies and Linguistics Student presentation by Nicolas Student presentation by Nicolas Presentation Feedback Exercise and in-class discussion: Hypotheses on the spatial and temporal location of the Indo-European homeland Kurgan hypothesis Anatolian hypothesis Balkan hypothesis Hypotheses centring on a Northern European origin Armenian hypothesis Out of India Theory Palaeolithic Continuity Theory Convergence area (Indo-European as a Sprachbund) Copenhagen, 9 December 2014

Student presentation by Nicolas Indo-European Studies, Department of Nordic Studies and Linguistics Student presentation by Nicolas Nicolas unfortunately could not be present today, but we have recorded his presentation in beforehand: https://c.deic.dk/p12zpmbd2wm/ Feedback Eastern Iranian might be very relevant (Avestan normally being affiliated with the Eastern Iranian group) Modern Iranian vs. Old Iranian: Where should we expect to find most traces of the IIr. homeland? How to test the three PIE homeland hypotheses as compared to the IIr. Homeland hypothesis (Andronovo)? Importance of IIr. chariot terminology? Does it seem more archaic than that of the remaining IE languages? Why the Andronovo ~ Scythian connection? Who not IIr. as a whole? Consider downplaying the genetics and maybe fusing the evidence from linguistics and religion into one chapter Copenhagen, 9 December 2014

The Indo-European homeland problem Indo-European Studies, Department of Nordic Studies and Linguistics The Indo-European homeland problem Student presentation by Nicolas Presentation Feedback Exercise and in-class discussion: Hypotheses on the spatial and temporal location of the Indo-European homeland Kurgan hypothesis Anatolian hypothesis Balkan hypothesis Hypotheses centring on a Northern European origin Armenian hypothesis Out of India Theory Palaeolithic Continuity Theory Convergence area (Indo-European as a Sprachbund) Copenhagen, 9 December 2014

The Indo-European homeland problem Indo-European Studies, Department of Nordic Studies and Linguistics The Indo-European homeland problem Eight hypotheses (at least) Mallory (1997: 196): Three are academically credible Kurgan hypothesis (slightly differentiating variants) Pontic-Caspian steppes 5th-4th millennia BCE (Chalcolithic) Gimbutas, Mallory, Anthony, Kristiansen, Kortlandt etc. Anatolian hypothesis Anatolia 7th-5th millennia BCE (Early Neolithic) Renfrew, Heggarty, Gray, Atkinson, Bouckaert etc. Copenhagen, 9 December 2014

The Indo-European homeland problem Indo-European Studies, Department of Nordic Studies and Linguistics The Indo-European homeland problem Balkan hypothesis Balkan 5th millennium BCE (Neolithic) Variant of the Anatolian hypotheses (excluding Anatolian) Hypotheses centring on a Northern European origin Northern Europe (Scandinavia, Baltic Region vel sim.) 6th millennium BCE onwards Kuhn, Hirt (later somewhat differently Zvelebil, Kilian etc.) Armenian hypothesis Armenian Highland (to the south of the Caucasus Mnts.) 4th millennium BCE Gamkrelidze, Ivanov, Diakonoff, Grigoriev etc. Copenhagen, 9 December 2014

The Indo-European homeland problem Indo-European Studies, Department of Nordic Studies and Linguistics The Indo-European homeland problem Out of India Theory Punjab Region of Northern India 6th millennium BCE Elst, Talageri etc. Palaeolithic Continuity Theory (Palaeolithic Continuity Paradigm) Anatolia 45th-10th millennia BCE (Upper Palaeolithic) Otte, Alinei, Cavazza, Benozzo, Ballester etc. Convergence area (Indo-European as a Sprachbund) No Indo-European homeland (no Indo-Europeans) Trubetzkoy, Uhlenbeck, Pisani, Martinet, Jensen etc. Copenhagen, 9 December 2014

The Indo-European homeland problem Indo-European Studies, Department of Nordic Studies and Linguistics The Indo-European homeland problem Six principles of IE homeland attribution Exclusion principle (of limited application) Temporal principle Relationship principle Cultural principle Archaeological principle Total distribution principle Mallory & Adams (1997): 295-297 Copenhagen, 9 December 2014

The Indo-European homeland problem Indo-European Studies, Department of Nordic Studies and Linguistics The Indo-European homeland problem Exercise and in-class discussion Present “your” hypothesis in class Focus on Main points of the hypothesis Arguments in favour of the hypothesis (e.g. as presented by the adherents) Arguments against the hypothesis Six principles of IE homeland attribution Max. 5-7 minutes per presentation Presentations begin at 5 p.m. sharp! Copenhagen, 9 December 2014