Seat when the bell rings Be in your assigned Seat when the bell rings Or go get a hero pass.

QUIZ FRIDAY!!!!!

Remember: Class Power Points Are available at Westernwarriorhistory.com

Early Civil Rights Movement Key Terms Defacto Segregation/Dejure Segregation Plessy and Brown Review Linda Brown 3 Reasons for the Movement Forms of Protest Rosa Parks Lunch Counter Sit-Ins

What is segregation? Segregation is the separation of people according to race or ethnicity. Segregation can be about separating African-Americans from Whites, or about separating Hispanics from Whites. Before 1950 segregation was common and normal in the U.S.A. Segregation deprived minorities of their rights.

Two kinds of segregation de jure segregation Segregation by law Common in the South Laws forbid African-Americans from attending the same church, using the same swimming pool, eating in restaurants, or marrying White people. de facto segregation Segregation without laws Common in the North Housing discrimination made segregation in the North. White community groups did not allow non-Whites to live in White neighborhoods. Every ethnic group had its own part of town.

Plessy v Ferguson Is Separate Equal ? Facts: 1896 Homer Plessy took a seat in the “Whites Only” car of a train and refused to move. He was arrested, tried, and convicted in the District Court of New Orleans for breaking Louisiana’s segregation law. Question: Was the Louisiana law separating blacks and whites on railroad cars legal? Decision: Split decision that “separate but equal” law did not violate the 14th amendment

Linda Brown In 1951, a girl named Linda Brown wanted to go to school. The white school was very close by, but the African-American school was far away. Her parents sued the Board of Education to try to force them to allow Linda to attend the white school. Topeka, Kansas

Linda Brown In 1954, in the case of Brown v. Board of Education, the Supreme Court decided to hear Linda’s case. Chief Justice Earl Warren said that segregation in public schools is unconstitutional. He ordered all the schools to end segregation.

Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka KS Is Separate Equal ? Facts: In 1954 Linda Brown’s parents wanted her to attend the school close to her home. Kansas law stated she had to attend a segregated school. NAACP and attorney Thurgood Marshall tested the law. Question: Can Linda Brown attend an “all white” school? Decision: “separate educational facilities inherently unequal” desegregation required across the nation

To answer the questions. Quick Check! Let’s take 5 minutes To answer the questions.

Seat when the bell rings Be in your assigned Seat when the bell rings Or go get a hero pass.

QUIZ FRIDAY!!!!!

Why did the Civil Rights Movement grow so fast In the 1950s and 60s?

Reason #1 – World War II and the Korean War During World War II and the Korean War, racial minorities such as African-Americans, Hispanics, or Native Americans had made many gains. The U.S. military had needed their help and had allowed them to fight. Many came home heroes and earned respect.

Reason #1 – World War II and the Korean War Most people believed America had fought those wars for democracy and freedom. Racial segregation started to seem un-American to many. People remembered that Hitler and the other “bad guys” had been racists.

Reason #2 – The Cold War During the Cold War, America was trying to convince the world that it was better than the Soviet Union, racism made America look bad to the rest of the world. Communists could use America’s racism as an example showing that the U.S. was evil.

Reason #3 - television With the arrival of television, Americans could watch the news every day. The non-violent civil disobedience used by King made the civil rights protesters look like good people and made their opponents look hateful, violent, and ugly. People could also hear Dr. King’s inspiring speeches. He was a powerful speaker who knew how to change people’s hearts and minds.

How did they do it? Civil rights leaders used non-violent protests, civil disobedience, and legal action to change the U.S.

non-violent protest Boycotts Hunger strikes Petitions Refusing to buy goods or services from a business in order to force it to change its policies Hunger strikes Refusing to eat anything in order to get attention for your cause Petitions Writing a letter to ask the government or a company to change its policy, and then getting as many people to sign it as possible. Marches and demonstrations Getting as many people as possible to gather in one place to get attention to your cause Strikes Refusing to work in order to force your managers or government to change their policies

Civil disobedience Breaking the law or causing a disturbance in order to get attention for your cause. Sit ins The protesters come into a place, sit down, and refuse to move.

Legal action Lawyers can challenge a law or policy in court. If they convince the judge that the law or policy is unconstitutional, then the judge will order them to change. People can speak at government hearings or meetings and try to convince legislators to make new laws or repeal unfair ones.

Rosa Parks In Alabama, the bus company had a rule that said all African-Americans had to sit in the back of the bus. In 1955, Rosa Parks, an African-American women who had been a secretary at the NAACP got on a bus. The seats in the back were full, but the front seats were empty. She sat down in the front. When the bus driver ordered her to move, she refused. He called the police and they arrested her.

Rosa Parks/ Montgomery Bus Boycott A boycott led by Ralph Abernathy and Martin Luther King went on for 11 months. The bus company was losing a lot of money because most of their passengers were African-Americans. Then, in 1956, the Supreme Court declared segregation on public transportation unconstitutional. This success made King famous across the U.S.

Lunch Counter Sit-Ins in Greensboro, NC In 1960, many restaurants would not serve African-Americans. To protest this, some African-American college students in Greensboro, North Carolina decided to go to a lunch counter at a Woolworth’s Department store and order food. The servers refused to serve them, but the students refused to leave. Lunch Counter Sit-Ins in Greensboro, NC

Lunch Counter Sit-Ins These lunch counter protests spread throughout the U.S. Many white students came along to support the African-Americans.

Lunch Counter Sit-Ins The students always stayed peaceful, even when attacked or arrested. This made them look good and made the racists look hateful and evil. This strategy was very successful for convincing White people to support civil rights for minorities.

Greensboro, No Carolina Lunch Counter Sit Ins