Do Now: Page 957

Kennedy and the Cold War Chapter 28 section 1

The 1960 Campaign 22nd Amendment: limited Presidents tenure to two elected terms Democrats pick Senator John F. Kennedy from Massachusetts Charismatic WW2 vet BUT Roman Catholic Running mate: senator Lyndon B. Johnson of Texas Republicans chose Richard Nixon Eisenhower's VP Downplayed role in HUAC Running mate: Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. of Massachusetts Kennedy vs Nixon

First Televised Presidential Debate 1960 PRE-DEBATES: looks like Nixon is going to win DEBATES: Nixon looks old and tired POST DEBATES: looks like Kennedy is going to win

Turn to page 962 answer both thinking critically questions “I promise you no sure solutions, no easy life. The years ahead for all of us will be as difficult as any in our history. There are new frontiers for America to conquer in education, in science, in national purpose-nor frontiers on a map, but frontiers of the mind, the will, the spirit of man” Turn to page 962 answer both thinking critically questions

Kennedy’s Inaugural Address Kennedy was the youngest person ever to be elected president. His youth helped provide the theme to his inaugural address: “Let the word go forth… That the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans… The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it…And so, my fellow Americans-ask not what your country can do for you-ask what you can do for your country.”

Kennedy Wins At age 43 youngest elected US president (TR was the youngest ever at 42) First Catholic President

Kennedy’s Foreign Policy Followed Cold War policies of predecessors Nuclear build up Contain communism BUT….define flexible response Established the Green Berets

Foreign Aid Aid programs to Africa, Asia, and Latin America to contain communism 1st program=Peace Corp

The Bay of Pigs On the nights of April 17,1961, some 1500 Cuban exiles supported by the U.S. military landed on the island’s southern coast at Baja de Cochinos, the Bay of Pigs. The CIA and the exiles hoped it would trigger a mass uprising that would overthrow Castro. It didn’t! Cuban forces, backed by Soviet tanks and jet aircraft, easily repelled the exile invasion. Some of the exiles were killed, others imprisoned.

Crisis Over Cuba The first test of Kennedy’s foreign policy came in Cuba, just 90 miles off the coast of Florida. Revolutionary leader, Fidel Castro, openly declared himself a communist and welcomed aid from the Soviet Union.

History DVD Video Prelude to Crisis

Cuban Missile Crisis In October, 1962, photographs taken by American planes revealed Soviet missile bases in Cuba-and some contained missiles ready to launch. They could reach U.S. cities in minutes.

If the Soviets set up missiles in Cuba they could reach every US city BUT…?

On October 22, Kennedy ordered a naval blockade of Cuba to prevent further deliveries of Soviet weapons. He also demanded that the Soviets remove the missiles. Khrushchev promised to challenge the blockade, calling it “outright banditry.”

For a few days, nuclear war and massive destruction was a distinct possibility for every American. In schools, children practiced air raid drills, a common occurrence during the Cold War. People who had built bomb shelters began stocking them with food and other provisions. Even the president called his family to the White House where they could be protected in the presidential nuclear shelter.

Suddenly, on October 24, many of the Soviet ships stopped short of the blockade line, turned, and sailed home. “We’re eyeball to eyeball,” said Secretary of State Dean Rusk, “and I think the other fellow just blinked.” On October 28 Khrushchev agreed to dismantle the missile bases in response to Kennedy’s promise not to invade Cuba.

The Berlin Crisis August 1961, East Germans erect barbed wire barrier that cut off east (Soviet) and west (Democratic) Berlin Barrier halts the mass departure of East Germans to the West through Berlin

Kennedy and Berlin (VideohistDVDs One of the high points of Kennedy’s foreign travels was a trip he made to Berlin in 1963 to dramatize America’s commitment to West Berlin and West Germany. In a speech at the Berlin Wall, Kennedy electrified an audience of about 150,000 Germans by stating , “Ich bin ein Berliner” (I am a Berliner), thus declaring the solidarity of all free people with the people of West Berlin.

JFK is Assassinated in Dallas November 1963 Lee Harvey Oswald, perched by a window on the 6th floor of the Texas School Book Depository, fired 3 shots at the President The third shot hit Kennedy in the back of the head

Vice President LBJ sworn in on Air Force One only hours after