Socio-cultural diversity and national integration Gyan Laxmi Shrestha

Coverage Social structure and social systems Socio-cultural diversity profile Diversity as an asset Diversity dynamism Diversity management and national integration Nation, nationality and social bond

Social Structure and Social Systems What is structure? What is system?

Social Structure and Social Systems Social structure refers to: A) statuses and roles B) a value C) the way the units of a group or society relate to one another

Social Structure and Social Systems Which of the following is a unit of the social structure? A) a status B) group, institution, association and organization C) all of the above

Social Structure and Social Systems An organization means A) co-ordination of social relationships B) co-ordination of parts C) certain positions

Social Structure and Social Systems State whether the following statements are true or false: A) A social system is an orderly and systematic arrangement of social interaction B) Social system has no sub-system

Social Structure and Social Systems State whether the following statements are true or false: A) Social system is not based on interaction of plurality B) Social system is unrelated to cultural system C) There is a functional relationship between the parts of a social system

Socio-Cultural Diversity Profile

Close your eyes Imagine that everyone in the room is same Same hair Same height Same weight Same gender Everyone dresses the same and sounds the same Now open your eyes, look around. What do you see?

Sex Composition Sources: CBS, 2001 and 2011

Age Composition Sources: CBS, 2001 and 2011

Urban/Rural Population Census Year Urban Centers Urban Pop (%) Rural Pop (%) 1961 16 3.6 96.4 1971 4.0 96 1981 23 6.4 93.6 1991 33 9.2 90.8 2001 58 13.9 86.1 2011 17.1 82.9 Sources: CBS, 2001 and 2011

Ethnic/Caste Composition Groups 1991 (%) 2001(%) 2011 (%) Chhetri 16.05 15.8 16.6 Hill Brahmin 13 12.7 12.2 Magar 7.2 7.1 Tharu 6.5 6.8 6.6 Tamang 5.8 5.6 Newar 5 Kami 5.2 4 4.8 Yadav 4.1 Musalman 3.5 4.3 4.4 Rai Kiranti 3 2.8 2.3 Sources: CBS, 2001 and 2011

Religion Composition Religion 1991 2001 2011 Hindu 86.51 80.62 81.3 Buddhist 7.78 10.74 9 Islam 3.53 4.2 4.4 Kirat 1.72 3.6 3.1 Christian 0.17 0.45 1.4 Sources: CBS, 2001 and 2011

Language Composition Language 1991 2001 2011 Nepali 50.31 48.61 44.6 Maithali 11.85 12.30 11.7 Bhojpuri 7.46 7.53 5.9 Tharu 5.37 5.86 5.77 Tamang 4.89 5.19 5.11 Newar 3.73 3.63 3.2 Bajjika - 1.05 2.99 Urdhu 1.09 0.77 2.61 Doteli 2.97 Sources: CBS, 2001 and 2011

Education Composition Population aged 6 years and above Sex 1991 (%) 2001(%) 2011 (%) Male 54.5 65.5 75.2 Female 25.0 42.8 57.4 Total 39.6 54.1 66.0 Locations Male (%) Female (%) Total (%) Maximum (Kathmandu) 92 80 86 Minimum (Rautahat) 51 32 42 Sources: CBS, 2001 and 2011

Different Schools of Thought Diversity as a problem Diversity as an asset Exercise Work in group/pair You will get 7 minutes Present in plenary

Diversity Dynamism Game: D & D

Diversity Management and National Integration Exclusion: an obstacle to open and healthy communication between different ethnic, linguistic, religious, and cultural group Is inclusion the ending of exclusion, or much more than that. Assimilation/Integration Exclusionary inclusion, assimilationist inclusion and multicultural inclusion

Diversity Management and National Integration Representation and participation Improving social and economic life of people in social and political system Equitable society where economic equality, prosperity, and social justice prevail Recognition of diverse cultures and group identities Integration by changing the existing social, economic, political and legal system

Nation, Nationality and Social Bond Dividers Vs Connectors

Nation, Nationality and Social Bond System and Institutions Vs System and Institutions

Nation, Nationality and Social Bond Attitudes and Actions Vs Attitudes and Action

Nation, Nationality and Social Bond Different Values and Interests Vs Shared Values and Interests

Nation, Nationality and Social Bond Different Experiences Vs Common Experience

Nation, Nationality and Social Bond Symbols and Occasions Vs Symbols and Occasions

Nation, Nationality and Social Bond Political Social Economic Psychological

Issues in National Integration Under-representation Discrimination on different ground Illiteracy Regional disparities/uneven development process Social inequalities Regionalism International domination and ideology

Factors Promoting National Integration “united we stand but divided we fall" Constitutional provisions Governmental initiatives Democracy Nation, nationality and binding factors Strengthening state-people interface Strengthening multiculturalism Reducing inequality – vertical and horizontal Promoting balanced development Respecting social and cultural diversity

Thank you