12/07 Bellringer +5 sentences What is gerrymandering? How can it be both a positive and a negative?

Morphology and It’s Effect Morphology - the shape of a state Potential impact: Challenges in receiving goods and services Groups may feel underrepresented in the government Might feel isolated from family or ethnic groups farther away Areas may demand local control leading to internal political conflict

Types of Morphology Compact State (Poland, Romania, Zimbabwe) Distance from center does not significantly vary Efficient in trade, travel, and communication from the center

Types of Morphology Elongated State (Chile, Malawi, Norway) Potential isolation at the periphery Difficult communication and travel Challenging to govern and defend

Types of Morphology Prorupted State (India, Thailand, Democratic Republic of Congo) Compact area with an extension Limited access Proruption may cause disruption

Types of Morphology Perforated State (South Africa, Italy) State that completely surrounds another state Sounted state dependent on perforated state for travel and trade

Types of Morphology Fragmented State (Philippines, Indonesia, United States) Scattered (islands) from the core Problems with trade, communication, travel and distribution of power

Different Forms of Governance Federal and Unitary States Federal Unitary Authority of the Government Shared between the central government and provincial, state and local governments Held primarily by the central government with very little power given to local governments Hierarchy of power Multiple levels of power No hierarchy; one main level of power Type of Country Where Commonly Used Miltiple ethnic groups with significant minorities Few cultural differences and small minorities

Project Time Completed presentations will start on Monday (or the first day we are in school next week)