11 December 2014 Do now: Clear your desk except for your handouts and notes. Today, I’ll demonstrate my knowledge of Common Sense, the Declaration of Independence, and the campaigns of 1776-77. Tomorrow during class you’ll read 174-77 and complete the handout. You will be quizzed on this information. Periods 2, 7, 9 (show me the completed assignment from Friday on Common Sense.)

Quiz Procedures Level 0 the entire period. Talking will result in a lowering of your grade. Spread out Clear your desk except for the materials stated at the beginning of class. If you’re caught using someone else’s resource you and that person will lose 5 pts each. Eyes on your own paper. Quietly occupy your time once you’re done.

“Turning Point” *** Don’t write***Remember last time we talked about a turning point (William Pitt becoming Prime Minister and the surrender of Fort Duquesne). Prior to Saratoga Gen. Burgoyne is racking up victory after victory (Philadelphia, Brandywine, Germantown, and Fort Ticonderoga).

Turning Point Saratoga The Turning Point What is guerilla warfare and how did it help the American forces? What key rule of 18th century warfare did the Americans violate/ignore? Battle of Saratoga: Burgoyne will surrender his entire army to the Americans on 17 October 1777. Ends the British threat to New England Boosted American spirits France will now join the Americans after more than 1 year of asking for help. French want revenge  British will be forced to fight on land and sea (French navy). Later the Netherlands and Spanish will help the Americans

Foreign Help Marquis de Lafayette: French nobleman, brought troops (becomes Washington’s most trusted ally) Friedrich von Steuben (from Prussia/modern-day Germany) trained American soldiers/Prussia considered to have the best army in Europe at the time Thaddeus Kosciusko: Helped build forts and other defense systems Casimir Pulaski: Trained cavalry (troops on horseback)

Winter of 1777-8 Washington and his troops suffer great hardships brought on by a terrible winter at Valley Forge PA Many soldiers slept on frozen ground, little to no warm clothing, some had no shoes… Upon hearing the horrific conditions many Patriots send supplies to the soldiers (*** don’t write***somewhere Thomas Paine is smiling). The Patriots’ darkest hours have passed. Valley Forge Liberty's Kids

Common Sense in an unconventional way. Why was Common Sense written? To persuade Americans that the time for independence from Britain is NOW.

Common Sense “You’re an island running a continent, whaaattt?” How can a small island rule an entire continent, it doesn’t make sense. Colonial Neglect “Y’all British, we’re Mericans” Not all the ppl living in the 13 colonies share a British heritage. Also, a lot of ppl. living in the colonies have been doing such for several generations, thus don’t view themselves as British. “U a bad mamma” A “mother” country should protect and look after her child, not exploit it. “Bang, Bang” Britain is always getting involved armed conflicts for wealth and global dominance. Why die for your benefit?

Common Sense cont “We don’t hear from U enough” “We left 4 a reason” 3000 miles away not easy to communicate, nuff said. “We left 4 a reason” Most ppl originally left Britain or other European countries for a reason: Political, Religious freedom, economic opportunity, second chance, etc. “We aint yo number 2 nomore” Britain will always take care of the needs of England and it’s other European possessions before paying attention to the colonies.