Digestive System

What to think about….. What is the digestive system? Why do we need it (what’s its function)? How does it work? What are the different parts and their functions?

Of all the things we do, what requires energy? Everything In order to obtain energy we need FUEL How do we get this fuel? We Eat

What does food provide besides just energy? RAW MATERIALS- we need to grow, repair tissues, and make new body cells. But before our bodies can use food it must be broken down

Process of breaking down food is known as Digestion. Why?? Because food must be broken into smaller pieces that can fit inside a cell. The small pieces of food that contains the chemicals the body need to stay healthy are called Nutrients

The main nutrients that we need from food include: Proteins Carbohydrates Fats Vitamins Minerals Fiber

Where is most protein found? Proteins Where is most protein found?                  Meat Dairy Proteins are the main structure of cells and tissues. It is usually used for repair and replacement of body cells.

Where are most carbohydrates found? Pasta, Rice, Bread, Fruits, etc.                                   Carbohydrates are the body’s main source of energy.

2 kinds of Carbs Simple Carbohydrates- these carbs are your basic sugars that your body can turn into energy very quickly. Complex Carbohydrates- these carbs include potatoes and foods made from grains. Requires the body break them down first. Also called starches.

Where are most fats found? Dairy, oil, butter, meats, and especially fast foods. Fat is a way that the human body stores energy. Too much can be unhealthy though.

2 Types of Fat The fat that is a liquid at room temperature and is found in vegetable oils and seeds is known as unsaturated fat Fats that are solid at room temperature and are considered not good for you are called saturated fats

The nutrients needed in small quantities in order to regulate body functions and prevent disease are called Vitamins Another substance needed by the body helps chemical reactions, builds cells, sends nerve impulses, and carries oxygen are minerals

Main parts of the Digestive System Mouth Esophagus Stomach Small intestine Large Intestine Together these make a tube called the Digestive tract or Alimentary Cana;

About how long is the digestive tract? 30ft Other organs attached to the digestive tract are called and they include the following: Accessory organs pancreas Liver Gall Bladder

This is the opening to the digestive system. Mouth This is the opening to the digestive system. What are 2 of the parts of the mouth that aid in digestion? Salivary Glands TEETH

2 kinds of Digestion Processes Mechanical The physical breakdown of food into smaller parts by cutting and tearing it. What part of the mouth does this? TEETH

which begins in your mouth when food combines with a liquid called Another kind of digestion where the molecules of food are broken down into even smaller molecules is called Chemical Digestion which begins in your mouth when food combines with a liquid called saliva

When food is swallowed, where does it go? to the esophagus What is the esophagus? A tube that connects the mouth to the stomach.

How does food make its way through the digestive tract? Peristalsis What is peristalsis? Waves of muscular contractions that move food through the digestive system.

1. What are the chemicals your body needs to be healthy? A. peristalsis B. nutrients C. organs D. saliva

2. Which of the following is a liquid at room temperature? A. Proteins B. Saturated fats C. Unsaturated fats D. Vitamins

3. What connects the mouth to the stomach? A. peristalsis B. pancreas C. esophagus D. protein

4. Which of the following is not a nutrient? A. saliva B. protein C. fat D. carbohydrates

A. Carbohydrate B. Peristalsis C. Mechanical D. Chemical 5. The type of digestion that breaks down food into smaller molecules is A. Carbohydrate B. Peristalsis C. Mechanical D. Chemical

6. Which part of the mouth is responsible for mechanical digestion? A. lips B. tongue C. saliva D. teeth

A. Simple B. Complex C. Double D. Single 7. What do we call the kind of carbohydrate that is easy to get energy from, like sugar? A. Simple B. Complex C. Double D. Single

8. Which of the following is not connected to the digestive tract? A. gall bladder B. liver C. pancreas D. ureter

9. Which of the following is a good source of protein? A. bread B. rice C. meat D. potatoes

10. How does food makes it way through the digestive tract? A. esophagus B. peristalsis C. mechanical D. complex

Digestive System Part II

STOMACH MUSCLES:   Longitudinal, Circular, Oblique

Stomach Regions Cardiac Fundic Body (greater and lesser curvature) Pyloric

Stomach Lining Gastric Juices contain acids that break down food    Mucus prevents stomach from digesting itself Chyme - paste, after food has been broken down, released then into the duodenum via the pyloric sphincter valve Rugae - folds within stomach Gastric Pits contain glands to make juices

How does mechanical digestion occur in the stomach? squeezing How does chemical digestion occur? The stomach produces gastric acid that helps breakdown food.

What is gastric juice made of? Hydrochloric Acid Enzymes This what helps in the chemical digestion of food in the stomach.

A layer of mucus provides protection from acid for the stomach. HCL is very strong acid. Why does it not harm the tissue of the stomach? Mucus A layer of mucus provides protection from acid for the stomach.

What’s it called if the acid gets through the layer of mucus and damages the inside of the stomach? Ulcer

As the food leaves the stomach, it has a new name called Chyme Chyme is a thin watery product that moves slowly out of the stomach and into the small intestine

As food enters the small intestine, breaks down the fats and oils in the food. bile Bile is a greenish liquid that acts like soap or detergent in how it can break apart fats and oils. This liquid is made by the and stored in the liver gall bladder

Like the liver and gall bladder the is also connected to the small intestine. pancreas The pancreas also secretes chemicals that aid in digestion of food (chyme).

People who’s pancreas does not produce insulin have a disorder called The pancreas produces enzymes to help digestion. It also produces a hormone called insulin Insulin allows for the absorption of glucose by the body’s cells. Without it, the cells can’t absorb their food. People who’s pancreas does not produce insulin have a disorder called diabetes

Small Intestine Starts at the pyloric sphincter 1. Duodenum 2. Jejunum   Starts at the pyloric sphincter 1.  Duodenum 2.  Jejunum 3.  Ileum *Mesentery  Membrane holds it together,  contains blood vessels

circulatory system The is responsible for getting the nutrients from the small intestine out to the rest of the body. But first the molecules of food have to get from the Small Intestine into the blood.

The inside of the Small Intestine there are small fingerlike projections called Villi The villi have capillaries running through them that can absorb the nutrients from the chyme.

Does the body use all the food it eats?

Some foods like cannot be digested. cellulose Cellulose is a kind of carbohydrate found in fruits and vegetables (plants). Often referred to as fiber. Fiber helps keep the digestive system running smoothly.

The part of the food (chyme) not used in the small intestine travels to the Large Intestine

Large Intestine Cecum Appendix Colon (4 parts) Rectum Anus Cecum   Cecum  Appendix Colon (4 parts) Cecum Ascending Transverse Descending Sigmoid Rectum Anus

There is a small organ attached to the large intestine called the appendix The appendix essentially has no function but can become infected and must be removed.

As the food moves through the large intestine is absorbed. water As the water is extracted from the Large Intestine the waste product become more solid This waste product is referred to as feces

Where does the feces collect before removal from the body? rectum When enough is collected the brain is signaled for elimination.

Many bacteria live inside the digestive tract Many bacteria live inside the digestive tract. Some help us digest food and other help produce vitamins

A. Chyme B. Bile C. Insulin D. Cellulose 1. What is the food in the digestive tract called when the stomach passes it to the Small intestine? A. Chyme B. Bile C. Insulin D. Cellulose

A. Chyme B. Hydrochloric Acid C. Feces D. Bile 2. What is the greenish fluid excreted by the gall bladder that breaks down fats? A. Chyme B. Hydrochloric Acid C. Feces D. Bile

3. Where is water removed from the chyme? A. Pancreas B. Stomach C. Small intestine D. Large intestine

A. Chyme B. Enzyme C. Insulin D. Hydrochloric Acid 4. What is the hormone that is responsible for absorption of glucose and lack of it causes diabetes? A. Chyme B. Enzyme C. Insulin D. Hydrochloric Acid

A. Chyme B. Pancreas C. Villi D. Cellulose 5. What are the finger like projections in the SI where nutrtients are absorbed by capillaries? A. Chyme B. Pancreas C. Villi D. Cellulose

A. Pancreas B. Liver C. Stomach D. Small intestine 6. What organ makes bile? A. Pancreas B. Liver C. Stomach D. Small intestine

7. What is it in the stomach that helps break down food? A. Chyme B. Gastric Juices C. Insulin D. Bile

A. Bile B. Chyme C. Villi D. Cellulose 8. What is it that cannot be broken down and used for nutrients in the digestive system? A. Bile B. Chyme C. Villi D. Cellulose

9. What happens when the stomach lining fails to protect the stomach? A. Ulcer B. Diabetes C. Cellulose D. Bile

B. Mouth, Stomach, Esophagus, S Intestine, L Intestine 10.What’s the correct order that food travels through the digestive tract? A. Mouth, esophagus, stomach, L Intestine , S Intestine B. Mouth, Stomach, Esophagus, S Intestine, L Intestine C. Mouth, esophagus, S intestine, Stomach, L Intestine D. Mouth, esophagus, stomach, S Intestine , L Intestine