True or False? 1. All living things are made of cells. 2. All living things can be seen without a microscope. 3. All living things need food, water, and oxygen to survive. Chapter Introduction

What are living things? All living things have six characteristics in common: Living things are made of cells. Living things are organized. Living things grow and develop. Living things respond to their environment. Living things reproduce. Living things use energy. Lesson 1-1

What are living things? (cont.) Some living things are unicellular, which means they are made up of only one cell. Many living things are made of more than one cell and are called multicellular organisms. Multicellular organisms can have several layers of organization. Lesson 1-1

What are living things? (cont.) During their lifetimes, living things grow, or increase in size. Living things develop, or change, during their lifetimes. Lesson 1-1

What are living things? (cont.) Organisms that convert light energy to usable energy are called autotrophs. Heterotrophs are organisms that obtain energy from other organisms. If an organism detects a change in its external environment, it will respond to that change. Lesson 1-1

What do living things need? (cont.) A specific environment where an organism lives is its habitat. An organism’s habitat must provide the food and water that it needs. Lesson 1-2

Which of the following is an example of a unicellular organism? A. A cat B. A tree C. A snail D. bacteria Lesson 1 – LR1

Which of the following is a characteristic of ALL living things? A. They grow and develop B. They breathe oxygen C. They move D. All of the above Lesson 1 – LR2

1. All living things are made of cells. Do you agree or disagree? 1. All living things are made of cells. 2. All living things can be seen without a microscope. 3. All living things need food, water, and oxygen to survive. Lesson 1 - Now

What are cells? All living things have cells, the basic unit of an organism. Microscopes are used to view details of small objects or to view things that are too small to be seen by the unaided eye. Photodisc/Getty Images Lesson 2-1

What are cells made of? Cells are made of four types of macromolecules—nucleic acids, lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. Cells are surrounded by a cell membrane which keeps substances inside the cell and helps protect the cell by keeping harmful substances from entering. Lesson 2-2

Types of Cells Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles. Lesson 2-3

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. Lesson 2-3

Prokaryotic Cells Eukaryotic Cells Both Nucleus, DNA, organelles, cytoplasm, Bigger/Smaller, Ribosomes, Cell membrane

The Outside of a Cell The cell membrane is made of lipids and proteins. Lipids protect the inside of a cell from the external environment. Proteins and lipids in the cell membrane transport substances between the outside of a cell and the inside of a cell. Lesson 2-4

Some cells have a cell wall—a strong, rigid layer outside the cell membrane. Lesson 2-4

The Inside of a Cell The inside of a cell is mainly water. This makes it easier for the substances to move around inside a cell, gives cells their shapes, and helps keep the structures inside a cell organized. The liquid part of a cell inside the cell membrane is called the cytoplasm. Lesson 2-5

The Inside of a Cell (cont.) The information that controls all of a cell’s activities is stored in its genetic material, called DNA. The information in DNA is transferred to another nucleic acid called RNA, which gives cells instructions about which proteins need to be made. Lesson 2-5

The Inside of a Cell (cont.) Mitochondria are organelles that break down food and release energy. Chloroplasts capture light energy and convert it into chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis. Lesson 2-5

The Inside of a Cell (cont.) Proteins are made on the surface of ribosomes that are in the cytoplasm of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. An organelle called the Golgi apparatus packages proteins into tiny organelles called vesicles, which transport proteins around a cell. Other molecules are stored in organelles called vacuoles. Lesson 2-5

Which term refers to cells that have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles? A. cytoplasm B. eukaryotic cells C. mitochondria D. prokaryotic cells Lesson 2 – LR1

Which are organelles that break down food and release energy? A. cytoplasm B. eukaryotic cells C. Golgi apparatus D. mitochondria Lesson 2 – LR2

Proteins are made on the surface of which of the following? A. cytoplasm B. mitochondria C. ribosomes D. vacuoles Lesson 2 – LR3

4. Cell wall is a term used to describe the cell membrane. Do you agree or disagree? 4. Cell wall is a term used to describe the cell membrane. 5. Prokaryotic cells contain a nucleus. 6. Plants use chloroplasts to process energy. Lesson 2 - Now

What is the liquid part of a cell inside the cell membrane? A. cell wall B. cytoplasm C. mitochondria D. proteins Chapter Review – MC4

Which term refers to cells that do not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles? A. cytoplasm B. eukaryotic cells C. mitochondria D. prokaryotic cells Chapter Review – MC5

Which is the genetic material that controls all of a cell’s activities? A. DNA B. mitochondria C. ribosomes D. RNA Chapter Review – STP4

Which capture light energy and convert it into chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis? A. chloroplasts B. mitochondria C. proteins D. vacuoles Chapter Review – STP5