THE EARLY STAGES CHAPTER 11.2 Page 357

MOBILIZING THE TROOPS “STONEWALL” JACKSON: AKA THOMAS JACKSON ONE OF THE MOST EFFECTIVE COMMANDERS IN THE CONFEDERATE ARMY (UNION COMMANDER GEN. IRWIN McDOWELL AND HIS TROOPS RETREATED WITH PANIC BOUNTY: AN AMOUNT OF MONEY GIVEN AS A BONUS TO MEN WHO ENLISTED FOR THREE YEARS OF MILITARY SERVICE  THE NUMBER OF MEN ENLISTING ON BOTH SIDES BEGAN TO DWINDLE AS THE WAR DRAGGED ON MILITIA ACT (1862): PASSED BY CONGRESS GIVING LINCOLN THE POWER TO CALL STATE MILITIAS INTO FEDERAL SERVICE (1863 CONGRESS INTRODUCED A NATIONAL DRAFT)

1. ALWAYS FOUGHT HIS BATTLES ON SUNDAY BECAUSE HE FELT THE LORD WAS WITH HIM 2. DID AWAY WITH THINGS THAT HE LIKED TOO MUCH BECAUSE HE THOUGHT IS WAS A SIN TO ENJOY THEM (TOBACCO)

THE NAVAL WAR LINCOLN BLOCKS SOUTH’S TRADE WITH THE WORLD 1862: BLOCKADED ALL CONFEDERATE PORTS EXCEPT CHARLESTON, SC & WILMINGTON, NC BLOCKADE RUNNERS: SMALL, FAST VESSELS, USED BY THE SOUTH TO SMUGLE GOODS PAST THE BLOCKADE WHAT STRAINED THE RELATIONS B/N GB AND THE U.S.? CONFEDERATE SHIPS THAT WORKED OUT OF FOREIGN PORTS ATTACKED NORTHERN MERCHANT SHIPS AT SEA DAVID G. FARRAGUT: LED A FLEET OF UNION SHIPS THAT CAPTURED NEW ORLEANS AND GAINED CONTROL OF THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI RIVER 1862

THE WAR IN THE WEST ULYSSES S. GRANT: UNION GEN. THAT BEGAN A CAMPAIGN TO CONTROL THE CUMBERLAND RIVER AND THE TENNESSEE RIVER  CONTROL OF THE RIVERS CUT TN IN TWO AND GAVE THE UNION A RIVER ROUTE DEEP INTO THE SOUTH GRANTS VICTORIES: FORTS HENRY AND DONELSON  HE AND HIS TROOPS ADVANCED DOWN THE TN RIVER AND GAVE THE CONFEDERATES A SURPRISE ATTACK AT SHILO  UNION VICTORY BUT 20,000 KILLED OR WOUNDED

FORTS HENRY MARYLAND

FT. DONELSON

SHILO

THE WAR IN THE WEST contd… BRAXTON BRAGG: CONFEDERATE GEN. WHO INVADED KENTUCKY AND STOPPED BY UNION TROOPS LED BY GEN. DON CARLOS BUELL AT THE BATLE OF PERRYVILLE  BUELL WAS ORDERED BY LINCOLN TO SEIZE CHATTANOOGA AND CUT THE RAIL LINES THAT PASSED THROUGH THERE BUELL MOVES TOO SLOWLY  LINCOLN REPLACED HIM WITH GEN. WILLIAM S. ROSECRANS  BRAGG’S FORCES ATTACKED ROSECRAN’S FORCES NEAR MURFREESBORO  UNION REINFORCEMENTS CONVINCED BRAGG TO RETREAT TO CHATTANOOGA

THE WAR IN THE EAST GEORGE B. McCLELLAN: TOOK OVER THE UNION ARMY IN THE EAST AFTER GEN. McDOWELL’S LOSS AT THE FIRST BATTLE OF BULL RUN (UNION WANT RICHMOND) JOSEPH E. JOHNSTON: ATTACKED McCLELLAN’S TROOPS YET SUFFERED GREAT CASUALTIES  TWO MISTAKES: 1. TOO CAUTIOUS AND TOOK TOO LONG TO CAPTURE YORKTOWN GIVING THE CONFEDERATES TIME TO MOVE THEIR TROOPS INTO POSITION IN RICHMOND 2. ALLOWED HIS FORCES TO BECOME DIVIDED BY A RIVER

SEVEN DAY’S BATTLE LEE TAKES OVER JOHNSTON’S FORCES AND BEGAN SERIES OF ATTACKS AGAINST McCLELLAN (7 DAY’S BATTLE) LEE INFLICTED HEAVY CASUALTIES ON THE UNION ARMY AND FORCED McCLELLAN TO RETREAT TO THE JAMES RIVER  LINCOLN ORDERS McCLELLAN TO RETURN TO WASHINGTON AS McCLELLAN WITHDREW, LEE ATTACKED THE UNION FORCES DEFENDING WASHINGTON  SECOND BATTLE OF BULL RUN  SOUTH FORCED THE NORTH TO RETREAT  CONFEDERATE TROOPS WERE JUST 20 MILES FROM WASHINGTON

LEE HEADS NORTH LEE AND DAVIS BELIEVED THAT AN INVASION NORTH WAS THE ONLY WAY TO CONVINCE THE UNION TO ACCEPT SOUTHERN INDEPENDENCE, GAIN HELP FROM GB, AND HELP THE PEACE DEMOCRATS WIN CONTROL OF CONGRESS IN THE FUTURE LEE INVADES MARYLAND  McCLELLAN TOOK POSITION ALONG ANTIETAM CREEK, EAST OF LEE *BATTLE OF ANTIETAM: BLOODIEST ONE-DAY BATTLE OF THE WAR  LEE RETREATS TO VA  IMPORTANT VICTORY FOR THE UNION SOUTH LOST INTERNATIONAL RECOGNITION AND SUPPORT  LINCOLN ENDS SLAVERY

EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION DEMOCRATS: OPPOSED THE END OF SLAVERY REPUBLICANS: DIVIDED ON THE ISSUE YET MANY WERE ABOLITIONISTS LINCOLN D/N WANT TO LOSE THE LOYALTY OF SLAVEHOLDING BORDER STATES ANTIETAM VICTORY FOR THE UNION CONVINCED LINCOLN TO ISSUE EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION 1862 PROCLAMATION CHANGED THE WAR FROM A CONFLICT OVER PRESERVING THE UNION TO FREEING THE SLAVES

EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION power and for the purpose aforesaid, I do order and declare that all persons held as slaves within said designated States and parts of States are, and henceforward shall be, free; and that the Executive Government of the United States, including the military and naval authorities thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom of said persons. About four million (4,000,000) slaves were freed. When his family was declared free, Booker T. Washington recalls his mother "leaned over and kissed her children, while tears of joy ran down her cheeks." Many African American men joined the Union forces and fought in the Civil War.