Chemistry 24.1

24.1 A Strategy for Life Air is composed mainly of nitrogen (N2) and oxygen (O2). It is thought that Earth’s crust changed over time as a result of photosynthesis, a process carried out by green organisms such as these cyanobacteria. You will learn about the characteristics of living things, including the organisms in which photosynthesis occurs.

24.1 The Structure of Cells The Structure of Cells What are the two major types of cells that occur in nature?

24.1 The Structure of Cells Two major cell types occur in nature: the cells of bacteria, known as prokaryotic cells, and the cells of all other organisms, known as eukaryotic cells.

Prokaryotic cells were present on Earth at least 3 billion years ago. 24.1 The Structure of Cells Prokaryotic cells were present on Earth at least 3 billion years ago. Typical prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are shown here. Note that only the eukaryotic cell has a nucleus. Comparing and Contrasting How do prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells compare in size?

Eukaryotic cell did not appear until about 1 billion years ago. 24.1 The Structure of Cells Eukaryotic cell did not appear until about 1 billion years ago. Typical prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are shown here. Note that only the eukaryotic cell has a nucleus. Comparing and Contrasting How do prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells compare in size?

Explore the complexity of chemicals essential to all life. The Structure of Cells Animation 29 Explore the complexity of chemicals essential to all life.

The Energy and Carbon Cycle 24.1 The Energy and Carbon Cycle The Energy and Carbon Cycle What compound is reduced during photosynthesis? What compounds are formed?

The Energy and Carbon Cycle 24.1 The Energy and Carbon Cycle Within the chloroplast is a light-capturing system that converts light energy into chemical energy by a process called photosynthesis. The reactions of photosynthesis take place on the inner membranes and in the spaces between membranes of a chloroplast.

The Energy and Carbon Cycle 24.1 The Energy and Carbon Cycle Photosynthesis uses the energy from sunlight to reduce carbon dioxide to compounds that contain C—H bonds, mainly in the form of glucose (C6H12O6).

The Energy and Carbon Cycle 24.1 The Energy and Carbon Cycle Both plants and animals get energy by unleashing the energy stored in the chemical bonds of carbon compounds. The nutrients are oxidized back to carbon dioxide and water in the process.

The Energy and Carbon Cycle 24.1 The Energy and Carbon Cycle In the energy and carbon cycle, photosynthesis and the oxidation of glucose are responsible for the major transformations and movements of carbon. Plants, such as rain forest trees, release oxygen into the atmosphere through photosynthesis. Interpreting Diagrams In which part of the cycle is oxygen released?

24.1 Section Quiz. 24.1.

24.1 Section Quiz. 1. All eukaryotic cells contain cell walls. bacteria. organelles. photosynthetic enzymes.

24.1 Section Quiz. 2. One product of photosynthesis is ethanol. carbon dioxide. oxygen. water.

24.1 Section Quiz. 3. Energy production within cells involves the oxidation of glucose to carbon dioxide. the oxidation of glucose to carbon. the reduction of glucose to carbon dioxide. the reduction of glucose to carbon.

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