The determinants of insulin sensitivity, β-cell function, and glucose tolerance are different in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome than in women who do not have hyperandrogenism  Manuel Luque-Ramírez, M.D., Ph.D., Macarena Alpañés, M.D., Héctor F. Escobar-Morreale, M.D., Ph.D.  Fertility and Sterility  Volume 94, Issue 6, Pages 2214-2221 (November 2010) DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.11.049 Copyright © 2010 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 All factors and stepwise (probability for entry ≤.05, probability for removal ≥.10) multiple regression analysis of the logarithm of insulin sensitivity index, area under the curve (AUC) insulin-to-AUC glucose ratio and insulin secretion/insulin resistance (disposition) index. The circles correspond to the standardized regression coefficients (β, or the change in terms of standard deviations in the dependent variable that results from a change of one standard deviation in an independent variable) and the error bars indicate the 95% confidence interval of β. R2 = coefficient of determination. Smoking and family history of diabetes were coded as dummy variables (present = 1 or absent = 0). PCOS = polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertility and Sterility 2010 94, 2214-2221DOI: (10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.11.049) Copyright © 2010 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Differences in the influence of family history of type 2 diabetes on indexes of insulin sensitivity and β-cell function in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and in controls who do not have hyperandrogenemia. Data are means ± 95% confidence intervals. The figures below the x-axis indicate the number of women in each subgroup. AUC = area under the curve of an oral glucose tolerance test. *P≤.05 for the interaction between PCOS and family history of diabetes, meaning that the influence of family history of diabetes was the opposite in patients with PCOS and in women who did not have hyperandrogenemia. †P≤.05 for the difference between patients with PCOS and women who did not have hyperandrogenemia, irrespective of family history of diabetes. ‡P≤.05 for the influence of family history of diabetes, irrespective of PCOS or nonhyperadrogenic status. Fertility and Sterility 2010 94, 2214-2221DOI: (10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.11.049) Copyright © 2010 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 All factors and likelihood ratio binary logistic regression analysis of the determinants of the presence or absence of abnormalities of glucose tolerance. The circles show the odds ratio and the error bars indicate the 95% confidence interval (CI) of the odds ratio. R2 = Nagelkerke's coefficient of determination. Smoking and family history of diabetes were coded as dummy variables (present = 1 or absent = 0). Fertility and Sterility 2010 94, 2214-2221DOI: (10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.11.049) Copyright © 2010 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions