2018 Cell Unit Test Review

What are the 3 parts of the Cell Theory?

1. All living things are made of cells. 2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function of living things. 3. Cells can only come from other living cells.

Explain the structure and function of a unicellular organism (specialization).

A unicellular organism is made of one cell that is NOT specialized A unicellular organism is made of one cell that is NOT specialized. The one cell is able to support all of the needs of the organism.

What is an organelle?

Organelles are structures inside cells that have specific functions. Examples: nucleus, ribosomes, centrioles They are NOT alive. The smallest living unit is a cell.

Define multicellular organism, explain what types of cells they have, and how they are organized.

A multicellular organism is made up of several different cells that are specialized. The structure and function of the cells are different. A group of cells working together form tissues, which form organs, which form organ systems, which form an organism.

Compare the structure and function of a leaf cell, red blood cell and a nerve cell.

Cell Structure function leaf chloroplast cell wall large vacuole photosynthesis support maximizes storage red blood cell gets rid of nucleus flexible carries oxygen travels through blood vessels nerve cell long fibers receives/send messages

Define eukaryote and prokaryote.

Eukaryotes have cells that are larger, more complicated, contain a nucleus, and membrane-bound organelles. Prokaryotes have a single cell with a simple design (no nucleus) = bacteria.

Compare and contrast plant and animal cells.

chloroplasts centrioles large vacuole small vacuoles Plant Cell Animal Cell   outer layer = cell wall outer layer = cell membrane also has cell membrane chloroplasts centrioles large vacuole small vacuoles rectangular circular shaped autotrophic heterotrophic

What is the difference between chlorophyll and chloroplasts?

Chloroplasts are where photosynthesis occurs in autotrophic cells Chloroplasts are where photosynthesis occurs in autotrophic cells. Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, which is the green photosynthetic pigment.

Identify the function of the following organelles: A. nucleus B. cell membrane C. vacuole D. lysosome E. chloroplast F. mitochondria G. cell wall H. ribosomes

organelle function nucleus – controls cell’s activities (contains DNA) B. cell membrane – controls what enters and leaves cell C. vacuole – “storage bins” D. lysosome – “clean up crew” E. chloroplast - site of photosynthesis (contain chlorophyll) F. mitochondria – produces energy G. cell wall - support for plant , fungi, and bacterial cells; made of cellulose H. ribosomes – “protein factories”

Identify: nucleus, mitochondria, ribosome, cytoplasm, & outer layer

Identify: nucleus (6), mitochondria (2), ribosome (3), cytoplasm (7), & outer layer (cell membrane)

Explain what a selectively permeable (semi-permeable) cell membrane means.

A selectively permeable cell membrane determines what molecules are able to enter and leave the cell.

Define diffusion.

Diffusion is the movement of molecules from high to low concentration.

Define osmosis.

Osmosis is the diffusion (moves from high to low concentration) of water through a selectively permeable cell membrane.

Define homeostasis.

Homeostasis is the ability of a cell to maintain stable internal conditions or environment. This is accomplished by the cell membrane controlling what enters and leaves the cell.

Explain what is happening in the onion cells that are exposed to salt water.

Water is leaving the onion cells through the process of osmosis because the cells are exposed to salt water. Water moves from high concentration to low concentration. The cytoplasm and vacuoles lose water.

What is mitosis?

mitosis- the nucleus divides and two new nuclei (plural) form, each containing the same number of chromosomes

List 3 reasons a multicellular organism performs mitosis.

1. growth 2. repair of injuries 3. replacement of worn out cells

Identify the 3 main events of mitosis/cell cycle.

3 main events of mitosis/cell cycle: 1. cell makes a copy of contents 2. cell equally divides contents of cells 3. separate to produce two identical daughter cells

Identify the gender of the individual if the 23rd chromosome pair is: XX = _______________ XY = _______________

XX = female XY = male

How many chromosomes do human somatic (body) cells have?

Human somatic (body) cells have 46 chromosomes.

If a cell containing 60 chromosomes goes through mitosis: a) How many cells will there be at the end? b) How many chromosomes will each cell have?

If a cell containing 60 chromosomes goes through mitosis: a) How many cells will there be at the end? 2 b) How many chromosomes will each cell have? 60 chromosomes per cell

Write the chemical equation for photosynthesis Write the chemical equation for photosynthesis. Label the names of the molecules. Identify where it occurs in the cell.

occurs in chloroplasts sunlight 6 CO2 + 6 H2O C6H12O6 + 6 O2 carbon dioxide water glucose oxygen   occurs in chloroplasts

Write the chemical equation for cellular respiration Write the chemical equation for cellular respiration. Label the names of the molecules. Identify where it occurs in the cell.

C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP glucose oxygen carbon dioxide water energy occurs in the mitochondria

Use a VENN diagram to compare/contrast photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

photosynthesis cellular respiration produces ATP (energy) from food produces carbon dioxide and water occurs in mitochondria autotrophs & heterotrophs produces: food oxygen occurs in chloroplasts needs sun autotrophs almost reverse processes; switches reactants and products

photosynthesis cellular respiration chloroplast 6CO2 + 6H2O sun C6H12O6 + 6O2 C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP mitochondria