Cartilage shear dynamics during tibio-femoral articulation: effect of acute joint injury and tribosupplementation on synovial fluid lubrication B.L.

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Cartilage shear dynamics during tibio-femoral articulation: effect of acute joint injury and tribosupplementation on synovial fluid lubrication B.L. Wong, S.H. Chris Kim, J.M. Antonacci, C. Wayne McIlwraith, R.L. Sah Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Volume 18, Issue 3, Pages 464-471 (March 2010) DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2009.11.008 Copyright © 2009 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Schematic of (A) knee joint movements at multiple scales and (B) of experimental setup and loading protocol for microshear testing. Definition of loading variables: compressive axial strain (1−Λz) and lateral displacement (Δx). Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2010 18, 464-471DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2009.11.008) Copyright © 2009 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 (A and B) Surface and (C and D) overall shear strain (Exz) vs applied lateral displacement (Δx) for (A and C) LFC and (B and D) LTP cartilage tested with AI-SF, AI-SF+HA, and NL-SF. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2010 18, 464-471DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2009.11.008) Copyright © 2009 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Effect of acute injury lubrication on Δx at 50% peak (Δx1/2) (A) surface and (B) overall shear strain for LFC and LTP samples. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2010 18, 464-471DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2009.11.008) Copyright © 2009 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 (A–C) Representative micrographs with superimposed colormaps of shear strain taken of apposing LFC (top images) to LTP (bottom images) samples after achieving maximum shear strain with NL-SF (A), AI-SF (B), and AI-SF+HA (C) as lubricants. Cell nuclei tracking method was used to determine maps of shear strain (color maps, A–C). Dashed lines (- -) encompass the analyzed regions on the undeformed images, while strain map boundaries encompass the corresponding deformed states. (D) Local shear strain (Exz) averaged depth-wise vs normalized tissue depth for LFC (top graph) and LTP (bottom graph) samples. Values are mean±s.e.m. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2010 18, 464-471DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2009.11.008) Copyright © 2009 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 Effect of acute injury lubrication (NL-SF, AI-SF, or AI-SF+ HA) on peak (A) surface and (B) overall shear strain for both LFC and LTP samples. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2010 18, 464-471DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2009.11.008) Copyright © 2009 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 6 (A) Schematic of the four sequential events [(I) adherence, (II) adherence and deformation, (III) detachment, and (IV) sliding] that occurs during tibio-femoral cartilage articulation and (B) representative shear strain (Exz) vs applied lateral displacement (Δx) diagrams with markers indicating where detachment (III) occurs for each lubricant condition. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2010 18, 464-471DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2009.11.008) Copyright © 2009 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions