Data Transformation, T-Tools and Alternatives

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Presentation transcript:

Data Transformation, T-Tools and Alternatives Lab 1 Instruction Data Transformation, T-Tools and Alternatives

Topics 1. Describing and Displaying Data 2. Data Transformations 3. Tests for Differences between Two Independent Samples / Two Paired Samples

1.Displaying and Describing Data 3 principal procedures for describing and exploring continuous data: Analyze  Descriptive statistics  Frequencies Descriptives Explore

Frequencies procedure

Descriptives procedure

Explore Procedure The Explore procedure in SPSS allows you to obtain descriptive statistics for your data, identify extreme observations, calculate the percentiles of the distribution, and display the data with a variety of plots.

Explore Procedure

Explore Procedure

Explore Procedure

Boxplots Single group

Boxplot More than one groups (use labels)

Boxplot

Normality Plots – Q-Q Plots

Describe the data Center: mean; median Spread: s.d.; IQR=Q3-Q1 Shape: symmetric VS skewed (left/right) Outliers: <Q1-1.5*IQR or >Q3+1.5*IQR Normality according to boxplot/QQ plot/Kolmogorov-Smirnov test

2. Data Transformations Compute Variables e.g. Natural Logarithm Transform

Natural Logarithm Transformation

Other Useful Data Transformations The type depends on the form of the distribution of the variable on the original scale. Some recommended data transformations :

3. Tests for Differences between Two Paired Samples used for paired (matched) data Paired-Samples T Test

Read output

4. Tests for Differences between Two Independent Samples Independent-Samples T-Test

Assume Equal variances or not?! ---- refer to Levene’s test result

Tips for the assignment Generally~ Read the question carefully Tips for the assignment Generally~ Read the question carefully. Follow the marking schema

Q4 & Q8 b Null hypothesis, Alternative hypothesis; value of the Test statistic; p-value; Conclusion; (maybe) Confidence interval. Q8 a&c “the differences in LLSIR on the log scale between normal and hypoplastic lungs” VS “the ratio of mean LLSIR of normal lungs to that of hypoplastic lungs” use antilogrithm, see Page 16 in the instruction

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