Cultures of the Mountain and sea Chapter 5 section 1

Geography Shapes Greek Life The geography of Greece greatly affected the way the Greeks lived. Just like ancient civilizations focused their lives around rivers so did Greece, but around a sea. At any time Greeks were only 85 miles away from a coastline. The waterway would become a crucial part of Greece’s lifestyle, because their habitat lacked certain resources such as timber, metals, and farmland.

Geography Cont’d Rugged mountains also divided Greece into 4 separate regions. This made political control difficult and instead resulted in different regions with different governments. This terrain made for very little farmland and that contributed to the small population size of Ancient Greece. Greece faced mild climates ranging from 40-80 Fahrenheit. This allowed men to spend their leisure time outside sharing ideas and taking a part in civic life.

Mycenaean Civilization Develops Located in the southern part of Greece, the Mycenae dominated Greece from 1600- 1100bc. The Mycenaean would eventually encounter the sea trading Minoans This interaction would cause them to see the fruits of sea trade and to start their own trading. The Minoans would have a huge affect on the Mycenaean civilization including: Language Art Religion Government

The Trojan War The Mycenaean’s were involved in a 10 year war with another civilization called Troy, of Anatolia. The started because a Trojan prince has kidnapped Helen, the wife of a Greek king. Story of the Wooden Horse:

Greek Culture Declines Under the Dorians After the Trojan war the Mycenaean civilization collapsed. They had been attacked by sea traders which destroyed their cities and infrastructure. Dorians moved into the area, They were: Less advanced Terrible at trade Little is known about this time period, because there are not any written records.

Greek Story Tellers Homer was known as one of the best story tellers of all time. He is responsible for much of what we know during that time period. Author of the Iliad You also have stories of Greek Gods and Goddesses. These gods had human qualities, but they lived forever.

Warring City States Chapter 5 Section 2

Rule and Order in Greek City States City-states, or a polis, were the fundamental political unit in ancient Greece. Polis: was made up of a city and its surrounding country side. These people would gather at an acropolis to discuss city government. These city states would have varying types of government: Monarchy: single person, called a king ruled. Aristocracy: ruled by a small group of noble, landowning families. Oligarchy: ruled by a few powerful people, merchants, nobles, landowners

Cont’d Eventually a person would become powerful and would and would take control of the government and become a tyrant. This was not always a negative type of government. In this case these tyrants would created public work programs to help the average people get jobs and housing.

Athens Builds a Limited Democracy In Athens representative government would take place. Citizens would meet and have a voice for the reform taking place. Democracy: rule by the people. Draco, an Athenian man, developed a legal code based on the idea that all people were equal under the law. This code dealt harshly with criminals, making death the punishment for almost every crime. Solon would come along later and organize the Athenian people into 4 social classes, and only the top 3 could hold political office, and bring charges against wrongdoers. Cleisthenes would be the third person to have a part in creating a democracy. He would group people into 10 classes and allow anyone to pass law or bring charges against wrong doers.

Cont’d Athenian boys were able to take part in education. They were able to take classes in: Math History Music Poetry They also focused on logic and public speaking so boys would be able to debate in government. They also focused on the health of the body and boy would take “PE” everyday. Women were educated at home by their mothers. Some were able to learn to read and write

Sparta Builds a Military State Sparta was located in the southern part of Greece Instead of democracy Sparta built a military state Spartans defeated the helots and forced them into slavery, demanding half of their crops every year. This helots revolted against he harsh rule and barely lost.

Sparta’s Government and Society Sparta Government had several branches: Assembly The Council of Elders 5 Elected officials 2 Kings Social order held many groups: 1. Citizens descended from the original inhabitants 2. Non Citizens 3. The Helots 4. Slaves Assembly-composed of all Spartan citizens, elected officials and voted on major laws The Council of Elders- made up of 30 older citizens, they proposed laws for the assembly to vote on. 5 Elected officials- to carry out the laws passed by the assembly, they controlled education and the courts 2 Kings- who ruled over the Sparta Military force

Spartan Daily Life Received Some Military Training Boys Girls Military suppressed expression There was very little: Art Literature Music Learning Men were expected to serve in the military until they were 60 years old. What kind of conditions did these boys live in? Received Some Military Training Had considerable freedom in running the family or household. They knew the importance of a strong city-state. How was this different from other city-states in Greece? Spartans valued things like duty strength and discipline Boys would leave home when they were 7 and moved into army barracks until they were 30 years old. Awful conditions

Persian Wars Bronze was commonly used for military weapons and armor. Only the rich could afford it. Iron weapons made military protections much more achievable. This transition made it possible to have a more diverse military. Phalax:

Persian War What are some of the highlights of the Persian War?