Academic Debate and Critical Thinking University of Salahaddin Department of Architecture 1st Stage 15th-Jan-2018 Citation and Referencing Lecture 6 BY: HAWNAZ MAGID MSc. of Housing - USM

Todays Lecture objectives What is citation Referencing Referencing styles Referencing components Using Hevard Style for citation and referencing Report Submission date Quiz

WHAT IS A CITATION? When you use another person’s work in your own work, either by referring to their ideas, or by including a direct quotation, you must acknowledge this in the text of your work. This acknowledgement is called a citation. When you are using the Harvard style, your citation should include: 1. The author or editor of the cited work 2. The year of publication of the cited work

What Is Referencing Referencing is a standardised method of formatting the information sources you have used in your assignments or written work. Any given referencing style serves two purposes: acknowledges the source allows the reader to trace the source.

Why is it important? Referencing... your arguments will be clearly supported by evidence. you can use your own sources for further research in the future. Helps the reader to find the original source if they wish. Improves your writing skills Adds authenticity to your argument. Shows that you have read widely. Authenticity, asala

Material which you must acknowledge includes but is not limited to: exact words (written or spoken) data images (graph, tables, video, multimedia etc) Pictures ideas or concepts theories opinion or analysis designs, drawings or plans

In general, common knowledge or facts widely available in a number of sources do not need to be acknowledged; however, what constitutes common knowledge and facts varies across subject areas. Constitutes pekdahene

Referencing styles There are several different styles of referencing: APA MLA Harvard Oxford Chicago Each style has its own rules for properly citing sources. Author-date styles (e.g. APA, MLA, and Harvard) put the author's name inside the text of the assignment Documentary-note styles (e.g. Chicago and Oxford) put the author's name in a footnote at the bottom of each page, or in an endnote at the end of the assignment

We are using….. At Salahaddin University- Erbil, you are required to use the Harvard referencing system. Harvard referencing: It is an author-date referencing style

Harvard style •Harvard came originally from "The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation" published by the Harvard Law Review Association (The Harvard Law Review is a law review published by an independent student group at Harvard Law School.) •Harvard citation style – All examples •http://guides.is.uwa.edu.au/ld.php?content_id=13183324

Referencing Component There are two component of referencing 1.In-text citations in your paper 2.The reference list at the end of your paper

In-text citations In-text citation of a book (the same format applies for a journal article):Note that there is no punctuation between the author's surname and the year of publication.

The reference list All in-text citations should be listed in the reference list at the end of your document. Reference list entries contain all the information that someone needs to follow up your source.

If you got your book from internet:

HOW DO I WRITE CITATIONS USING THE HARVARD STYLE? Citing one author A recent study investigated the effectiveness of using Google Scholar to find medical research (Henderson, 2005). or Henderson (2005) has investigated the effectiveness of Google Scholar in finding medical research. Citing two or three authors Recent research indicates that the number of duplicate papers being published is increasing (Arrami & Garner, 2008). Evidence shows that providing virtual laboratory exercises as well as practical laboratory experience enhances the learning process (Barros, Read & Verdejo, 2008).

Citing four or more authors Social acceptance of carbon capture and storage is necessary for the introduction of technologies (van Alphen et al, 2007). Citing works by the same author written in the same year(edited books) facts and research is inaccurate (Goldacre, 2008a; Goldacre, 2008b). Citing from chapters written by different authors Some books may contain chapters written by different authors. When citing work from such a book, the author who wrote the chapter should be cited, not the editor of the book.

Citing a direct quotation If a direct quote from a book, article, etc., is used you must: Simons, Menzies and Matthews (2001) state that the principle of effective stress is ‘imperfectly known and understood by many practicing engineers’ (p.4). Citing an image/illustration/table/diagram/photograph/figure/picture In-text citation: Table illustrating checklist of information for common sources (Pears and Shields, 2008:p.22). or ‘Geological map of the easternmost region of São Nicolau’ (Ramalho et al, 2010:p.532).

Citing from multimedia works your citation should use the title that you identify as the author. Citing from an interview or personal communication Always use the surname of the interviewee/practitioner as the author.

Online Harvard Referencing http://www.citethisforme.com/harvard-referencing

Submissions and deadlines First Draft Monday 22/01/2018 (10:30Am) Final Report Submission Monday 05/02/2018 (10:30Am) Format and Hand-in Report draft about (1500-2000 words) Using Microsoft Word for your writing Font style: Times New Roman Font size: 12 Spacing: 1.5 Footer( page number) Add list of (content, table and figure) in the beginning and list of references at the end Attach a cover page which includes your full name, stage and group, tutor’s name, assignment title and the date. Put the report in plastic folder Send the Soft Copy via email within the same date.

Quiz What is the structure of a report? Appendix (Appendices) is …………… Other details that you may include in the Title page could be ……., the …. and ……the report is written. The contents page should list the …………….and/or ……….with the ……………. The ………….. and the ………… are key elements in the structure of report.

Table of content(List of figures, List of tables) Introduction Methods Title page Abstract (sometimes) Table of content(List of figures, List of tables) Introduction Methods Literature review (similar examples) Finding (analysis) Discussion Conclusion or summary References Appendices 2- supporting information Other details you may include could be your name, the date and for whom the report is written.  The contents page should list the different chapters and/or headings together with the page numbers. The introduction and the conclusion are key elements in the structure of your report.