Regulation of proliferation, motility, and contractivity of cultured human endometrial stromal cells by transforming growth factor-β isoforms  Kaei Nasu, M.D., Ph.D., Masakazu Nishida, M.D., Harunobu Matsumoto, M.D., Sun Bing, M.D., Chieko Inoue, M.D., Yasushi Kawano, M.D., Ph.D., Isao Miyakawa, M.D., Ph.D.  Fertility and Sterility  Volume 84, Pages 1114-1123 (October 2005) DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.02.055 Copyright © 2005 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions

FIGURE 1 The effects of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) isoforms on the cell proliferation of endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) as assessed by modified methylthiazoletetrazolium (MTT) assay. Endometrial stromal cells were treated with TGF-β1, -β2, and -β3 (0.01–10 ng/mL) for 48 hours. Data were calculated as the ratio of values obtained for the treated cells and those for the untreated controls, and are presented as the percentages relative to untreated controls. Representative results are shown. *P<.005 and **P<.0001 vs. untreated controls. Nasu. TGF-B isoforms regulate the functions of endometrial stromal cells. Fertil Steril 2005. Fertility and Sterility 2005 84, 1114-1123DOI: (10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.02.055) Copyright © 2005 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions

FIGURE 2 The effects of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) isoforms on the in vitro wound repair of endometrial stromal cells (ESCs). Endometrial stromal cells were treated with various concentrations of TGF-β1, -β2, and -β3 (0.01–10 ng/mL) for 48 hours. Areas with lesions were photographed (A–E), and the wound repair was assessed by calculating the area in square micrometers between the lesion edges (F–H). The data are presented as the percentages relative to the area repaired within 48 hours under untreated conditions. Representative results are shown. *P<.01, **P<.0025, and ***P<.0001 vs. untreated controls. Nasu. TGF-B isoforms regulate the functions of endometrial stromal cells. Fertil Steril 2005. Fertility and Sterility 2005 84, 1114-1123DOI: (10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.02.055) Copyright © 2005 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions

FIGURE 3 The effects of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) isoforms on the invasion of endometrial stromal cells (ESCs). Endometrial stromal cells were treated with various concentrations of TGF-β1, -β2, and -β3 (0.01–10 ng/mL) for 48 hours. The number of cells invaded was scored, and the data were calculated as the percentage compared with untreated controls. Representative results are shown. *P<.005 and **P<.0001 vs. untreated controls. Nasu. TGF-B isoforms regulate the functions of endometrial stromal cells. Fertil Steril 2005. Fertility and Sterility 2005 84, 1114-1123DOI: (10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.02.055) Copyright © 2005 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions

FIGURE 4 The effects of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) isoforms on the collagen gel contractivity of endometrial stromal cells (ESCs). Endometrial stromal cells were treated with various concentrations of TGF-β1, -β2, and -β3 (0.01–10 ng/mL) for 48 hours. The collagen gels were photographed (A–D), and the collagen gel contractivity was assessed by measuring the gel surface area (E–G). The data are presented as the percentages relative to untreated controls. Representative results are shown. *P<.005, **P<.0005, and ***P<.0001 vs. untreated controls. Nasu. TGF-B isoforms regulate the functions of endometrial stromal cells. Fertil Steril 2005. Fertility and Sterility 2005 84, 1114-1123DOI: (10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.02.055) Copyright © 2005 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions