Romanticism Fiction Edgar Allan Poe Nathaniel Hawthorne Washington Irving James Fenimore Cooper Herman Melville

The Beginnings Westward Expansion and Territorial Growth (Vt, Ky,Tn, La.) New sense of National Pride and ID Transportation: Railroads and steamboats Trail of Tears-1838 Early feminist movement, abolitionism War of 1812-Britain Gothic architecture, paintings

Writers Washington Irving: 1st professional Am. Author James Fenimore Cooper: Am. Western hero Edgar Allan Poe: father of short story, detective William Cullen Bryant: Major Am. poet

Romanticism in fiction Focus on nature and self as well as: Common man Freedom Emotions Nationalism Imagination Supernatural

Critic of American Lit “In the four quarters of the globe, who reads an American book or looks at an American picture?”

Elements of fiction Plot pyramid: exposition, conflict, rising action, climax, falling action, resolution Conflict- problem (internal, external) 5 types: Man v. man, nature, self, fate, society Characterization: What makes a character do what he or she does (actions, appearance, emotions, static or dynamic, protagonist) Symbols Theme and purpose

Point of view How story is told First person central- narrator is major participant First person peripheral- narrator is outside of the action describing another character(s) Third person omniscient- all knowing narrator Third person limited- sees into one character Stream of consciousness- exists in present tense, consisting of thoughts passing through the mind (past, future)

Romanticism’s Darker Side Some writers felt that there was a potential evil in individuals- supernatural Gothic: Irregularity, dark elements, Medieval, stained glass, gargoyles, castles Poe and Hawthorne Male characters go insane and females die. People reveal their true natures under extreme situations.

Poe and Hawthorne Poe: “Cask of the Amontillado,” “The Raven,” “The Bells,” “Annabel Lee,” “Masque of the Red Death,” “Tell Tale Heart,” and “Fall of the House of Usher” Hawthorne: “Young Goodman Brown,” “The Birthmark,” and House of the Seven Gables

European influence Horace Walpole’s The Castle of Otranto written in 1765 Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein (1818) Bram Stoker’s Dracula

Influence today Hello, any horror movie you watch or read