Science 9 weeks test study guide

1. Who invented the first microscopes 1. Who invented the first microscopes? Anton Leeuwenhoek and Robert Hooke 2. How many kingdoms are there today? 6 3. Define cell- smallest unit of life 4. What tool helped scientists to discover cells? Microscopes 5. Which macromolecules do not dissolve in water? Lipids 6. Define organism- things that have all the characteristics of life 7. Where do new cells come from? From preexisting cells 8. Which macromolecule is made from amino acids? proteins 9. Define science- the investigation and exploration of natural events and of the new information that results from those investigations

10. What is the scientific theory 10. What is the scientific theory? An explanation based on scientific knowledge resulting from many observations and experiments. 11. Multicellular is livings that that are made of two or more cells. 12. Unicellular is living things that are made of only ONE cell. 13. What basic substances make up a cell? Nucleic acids, lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins 14. Give an example of growth & development. A tadpole loses its tail, grows legs, and becomes an adult frog. 15. What is nucleic acid? Macromolecules that form when long chains of molecules, nucleotides, form together 16. Describe a prokaryotic cell. The genetic material floats freely in the cytoplasm. 17. What organelle does a plant cell have that an animal cell does not have? Cell Wall

18. Define protein- long chains of amino acid molecules 19. How many groups did Aristotle use to classify organisms? 2 20. Where do cells come from? Preexisting cells 21. What are macromolecules? Macromolecules form by joining small molecules together. 22. What type of molecule is produced in the rough ER? Proteins 23. Define homeostasis- the ability to maintain a stable internal environment 24. How does your body regulate homeostasis? Sweating to cool yourself off or by shivering to help stay warm when you’re cold. 25. What is a carbohydrate? One or more sugar molecules

26. Define independent variable- the factor that is changed by the investigator to observe how it affects a dependent variable. 27. What is the common function of glucose from plant cells and ATP? They both store energy for cellular function. 28. What organelle in eukaryotic cells direct all of the cells activity? Nucleus 29. What is cell theory? The 3 components of the cell theory are: states that all living things are made of 1 or more cells, the cell is the smallest unit of life, and all new cells come from preexisting cells. 30. Define lipid- a large macromolecule that does not dissolve in water. 31. Inference is a logical explanation of an observation that is drawn from prior knowledge or experience. 32. What is the function of a protein, in a cell? They help with chemical break down of substances.