Bacteria Metabolism (Obtaining and Releasing Energy) By: Abigail Craig, Nikki Malizia, and Jacqui Worth

Overview How Prokaryotic cells obtain energy Hoe Eukaryotic cells obtain energy How Prokaryotic cells release energy How Eukaryotic cells convert energy Different types of fermentation Products resulted from fermentation

Prokaryotes and how they obtain energy NM Heterotrophs consume other organisms for energy and carbon Found in a wide range of environments Photoheterotrophs are like heterotrophs but use light energy They cannot use carbon dioxide as their carbon source Found where light is plentiful

Prokaryotes and how they obtain energy NM Photoautotrophs use light energy to turn CO2 into carbon compounds Found where light is plentiful Chemoautotrophs use energy released by chemical reactions Found in chemically harsh and dark environments

Eukaryotes and how they obtain energy NM Cellular Respiration is how organisms get their energy 6O2 + C6H12O6 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy

Eukaryotes and how they obtain energy NM Cellular Respiration requires oxygen and a food molecule, such as glucose, to give off carbon dioxide, water, and energy Cells can use all sorts of molecules for food Proteins Fats Carbohydrates

How Prokaryotes release energy? Ac By either cellular respiration or fermentation  Depends on environment  Oxygen or not

Modes of Metabolism Ac Obligate anaerobes-killed by normal atmosphere and oxygen Obligate aerobes-require oxygen to grow and survive Facultative anaerobes-use aerobic respiration but capable of anaerobic respiration 

How Eukaryotes convert chemical energy? Ac Process: Krebs Cycle  Location: Mitochondria  Type of cells: Eukaryotic 

Krebs Cycle Ac Requires: Oxygen Produces: Carbon dioxide Converts ADP            ATP

Fermentation   JW Fermentation: Process in which cells release energy in the lack of oxygen Alcoholic Fermentation: Process in which sugars turn into ATP, which produces ethanol and CO2 Lactic Acid Fermentation: Process in which pyruvic acid is converted to lactic acid without giving off CO2

What compound does Fermentation Produce? JW Pyruvic Acid + NADH ---> Lactic Acid + NAD+ What compound does Fermentation Produce?    JW Lactic Acid fermentation produces NAD+ If cell does not have NAD+ then cell cannot produce ATP NAD+ causes the cell to go back to Glycolysis In Glycolysis, ATP provides the cell with energy to keep the cell going

Products Alcoholic Fermentation Helps to Make JW Causes dough for bread to rise and bake Produces alcoholic beverages Drinks that people love and enjoy are products of alcoholic fermentation

Products Lactic Acid Fermentation Helps to Make JW Dairy products – cheese, sour cream, yogurt, buttermilk, etc Sour foods – pickles, kimchi, and sauerkraut  Products that people eat every day, are products of lactic acid fermentation

ABC's NM What is a heterotroph? A) An organism that uses light for energy B) An organism that uses light and other organisms for energy C) An organism that only uses other organisms for energy D) An organism that doesn’t need energy

ABC's NM What are the products of cellular respiration? A) sugar, water, oxygen B) carbon dioxide, water, energy C) energy, water, carbon D) oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide

Ac ABC's What cycle does Eukaryotic cells go through to converts energy? A) Glycolysis B) Krebs Cycle C) ETC D) Fermentation

Ac ABC's What mode of metabolism can use anaerobic and aerobic respiration? A) Microaerophiles  B) Obligate anaerobes C) Obligate aerobes D) Facultative anaerobes

ABC's JW Which type of fermentation produces CO2? A) Lactic Acid Fermentation             B) Alcoholic Fermentation C) Fermentation D) Respiration

ABC's   JW What compound is needed for Lactic Acid Fermentation to return to Glycolysis? A) NADP+ B) NADPH C) NAD+ D) NADH

Overview How Prokaryotic cells obtain energy Hoe Eukaryotic cells obtain energy How Prokaryotic cells release energy How Eukaryotic cells convert energy Different types of fermentation Products resulted from fermentation