Title: Collectivisation Starter Which of these Is a collective Farm. WHY?

Read through the information sheet and highlight key points Read through the information sheet and highlight key points. Complete the diagram below.

Read through the information sheet and highlight key points Read through the information sheet and highlight key points. Complete the diagram. COLLECTIVE FARM Commisariat of Agriculture Sovkozy Better… Kolkhozy Land ownership: _____ Production targets…. Peasant told state: State control and provision: Organisation: MTS:

“Collectivisation was a terrible disaster for the Soviet people” How far do you agree?

USSR trotsky Propaganda Communism famine Red army economy NEP In the back of your books, write six of the words below. Definition BINGO USSR trotsky Propaganda Communism famine Red army economy NEP Politburo Comintern Collectivisation Kulak Lenin’s testament Kolkoz stalin

As I read the definition, cross out your word…

Guess what we are learning about?

Industrialisation L.O: Define industrialisation Outline why Stalin wanted this for Russia Examine the methods that he used to do this

In your own words, describe what industrialisation is Expanding Machinery Factories Money In your own words, describe what industrialisation is Workers Rapid Trade Urban Technology

Industrialisation the development of industry on an extensive scale

From what we have learnt about Russia already (and Stalin) From what we have learnt about Russia already (and Stalin). Why do you think that Stalin would like to industrialise?

Reasons for industrialisation Just like agriculture, Stalin decided that he had to modernize industry if the Soviet Union was to survive By modernising industry, the Soviet Union would be less reliant on the Western Powers for industrial goods Reasons for industrialisation A developed industry would be able to produce a greater number of armaments for Russia. Stalin was envisaging a war with the West in the future, he just didn’t know when Stalin wanted the USSR’s industrial centres to be moved further east, behind the Ural mountains. Protection from invading forces

How was it implemented? ‘Planned economy’. The state would now decide what was produced, how it was produced and when and where it was produced Stalin created the Gosplan= The state planning agency, they were in charge of the fine details of the planned economy They decided to reach their targets by creating Five-Year Plans

‘Smoke of chimneys is the breath of Soviet Russia’ Does this poster accurately show Stalin’s dreams for Russia’s future? Explain your answer

The First Five-Year Plan (1928-1932) This concentrated on the heavy industries Coal, oil, iron, steel and electricity Targets were set too high They were unrealistic Despite this, massive gains were made Coal and iron doubled their output Electric power production trebled 1500 new industrial plants were built, alongside 100 new towns

The Second Five-Year Plan (1933-1937) Communications were improved under this plan Railway links between the cities and industrial centres were improved Why do you think communication links had to be improved? Industries focused on chemicals and metallurgy grew rapidly under this plan Metallurgy: branch of science concerned with the properties of metal and their production and purification

The Third Five-Year Plan (1938-1941) The focus of this plan to begin with was the production of luxury goods such as radios etc. By giving people radios, Stalin could ensure that they were subjugated to propaganda at all times However as the threat of war loomed closer, the focus was turned to producing armaments (tanks, planes, weapons) This plan was not competed as Russia entered the war against Germany in June 1941

How successful were the plans? Why might you be worried about accepting figures from the Soviets? Why was the idea of using target effective? Stalin always declared the five year plans a year ahead of schedule. Can you explain why?

Plenary Were the 5 year plans a good idea?

The Phases of Development of the Five Year Plans/Collectivisation 1928 to 1941 (Pre-war period)   1928-30 A period of accelerating industrialisation, urbanisation and forced collectivisation. Shortages led to rationing in the towns, but at the same time the regime was promising a Utopian future. 1930-32 During these years economic policy was confused, reflecting the fact that the initial ‘plans’ had never been properly planned at all. Attempts to fulfil the targets of over-ambitious plans approved in July 1930 actually led to a decline in industrial production. There was a slight relaxation of the regimes draconian approach. The free peasant market was legalised and quotas on deliveries from collective farms were reduced. 1933 Despite the disastrous 1932 harvest (there is an argument that Stalin deliberately allowed this crisis to become worse than it need have been) grain quotas were increased. Other targets were more realistic – including those in the more modest second Five Year Plan. 1934-36 This was a period of spectacular economic development, as factories built during the first plan began to produce and agriculture slowly recovered. The standard of living rose and rationing was abolished. These improvements took place against a backdrop of increased repression following the murder of Kirov. 1937-41 These years were a period of mass repression and also preparations for war. The disruption of the purges caused a slowing down of industrial production, despite a tightening up of labour discipline.