Indian Ethos Values & Management

Manager Who are managers, a manager through other people by coordinating their work activities in order to accomplish organizational goals. Managing has become one of the most important areas of human activity because of increasing role of large and complex organizations of the society. Thus, because of their increasing role, the organizations have attracted the attention of both practitioners and academicians to find out that how these organizations can be made more effective. This has lead to the development of a new field of study known as management. Management Management is the process of designing and maintaining and environment is which individuals working together in a group efficiently accomplish selected aims. Management is the process of coordinating workers, activities so that they are completed efficiently and effectively with and through other people. In other words we can say that management is the art of getting things done through and with the people in formally organized groups. As a manger, people carry out the manager functions of primary activities of planning, organizing staffing leading and controlling.

MANAEMENT FUNCTIONS AND PROCESS In the early part of the twentieth century, a French industrialist by the name of Henri Fayol proposed that all managers perform five management functions i.e. Planning, Organizing, Commanding, Coordinating, and Controlling. In the mid 1950s a management text book first used the functions of Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Directing and Controlling. Planning Planning involves the process of defining goals, establishing strategies for achieving those goals, and developing plan to integrate and coordinate activities. Organizing Organizing involves the process of determining what tasks are to be done, who is to do them, how the task are to be grouped, who reports to whom, and where decision are to be made. Leading It involves, motivating subordinates, influencing individuals or teams as they work, selecting the most effective communication channels or dealing in any way with employee behavior issues. Controlling It involves monitoring actual performance, comparing actual to standard, and taking action.

MANAGEMENT ROLES According to Henry Mintzberg, Management roles refer to specific categories of managerial behavior. Thus, according to Mintzberg, managerial orders can be grouped as those primarily concerned with. Interpersonal Relationships, Transfers of Information, and Decision Making. 1 Interpersonal Roles These managerial roles are that involve people and other duties that are ceremonial and symbolic in nature. It includes Figurehead, Leader, Liaison. 2 Informational Roles Informational roles involve receiving collecting, and disseminating information. It includes Monitor, Disseminator, Spokespersons. 3 Decisional Roles Decisional roles revolve around making choices. The four decisional roles include Entrepreneur, Disturbance Handler, Resource Allocate, Negotiator.

MANAGEMENT SKILLS Robert L MANAGEMENT SKILLS Robert L. Katz found that mangers need three essential skills or competencies. 1-Technical Skills 2-Human Skills 3-Conceptual Skills Technical Skills Technical skills include knowledge of and proficiency in a specialized field. Human Skills It involves the ability to work well with other people individually and in a group. Conceptual Skills These are the skills managers must have or the ability to think and to conceptualize about abstract and complex situations. Therefore, through using these skills, managers must be able to see the organizations as a whole, understand the relationship among various sub units and visualize how the organization fits into its broader environment.

Importance of Management Effective Utilization of Resources Management tries to make effective utilization of various resources. Thus, resources are scarce in nature and to meet the demand of the society. Development of Resources Management also develops various resources. This is true with human as well as non-human factors. Thus, through the development of resources, management improves the quality of lives of people in the society. To Incorporate Innovations Today changes are occurring at a very fast rate in both technology and social process and structure. Thus, these changes need to be corporate to keep the organizations alive and efficient. Integrating various Interest Groups In the organization there are various interest groups and they put pressure over other groups for maximum share in the combined output. Management has to balance these pressures from various interest groups Stability in the Society Management Provides stability in the society by changing and modifying the resources in accordance with the changing environment of the society.

NATURE OF MANAGEMENT 1 Multidisciplinary Management is basically multidisciplinary. Management has been developed as a separate discipline, it draws knowledge and concept from various disciplines. 2 Dynamic Natures of Principles These Principles are flexible in nature and change with the changes in the environment in which an organization exists. 3 Relative not absolute Principles Management Principles are relative not absolute, and they should be applied according to the need of the organization. Each organization may be different from others. They may different because of time, place, socio-cultural factors etc., therefore individual, working in the same organization may also differ. 4 Management: Science or Art Management is both Science and Art, so there is a controversy whether management is science or art. 5 Management as Profession Management has been regarded as profession by many while many have suggested that it has not achieved the status of a profession. 6 Universality of Management Management principles are not universally applicable but are to be modified according to the needs of the situations. Thus, the nature of management suggests that it is multidisciplinary phenomena, its principles are flexible, relative and not absolute. It is both Science and Art and it can be taken as a profession.

Management: Science or Art Science or art is very old controversy regard to the nature of mgt. The nature of management as science or art or both is necessary to specify the Process of learning of management. Therefore, the learning process in science differs from that of art. Where learning of Science basically involves the assimilations of principles while learning of art involves the continuous practice. Management as Science Management cannot be regarded as Science because it is only half way. It may be called inexact Science or Pseudo science. Science may be viewed in terms of its structure, it goals, and its methods. One of the most important rules of science is that concepts have to be defined clearly in terms of the procedures involves in their measurement. Observation must be controlled so that causation may be imputed correctly. Theories in science are in term that permits empirical confirmation. Thus, the scientific statements are testable and the tests are capable of repetition with same result. The various factors analyzed that management is not a pure science but it can be simply called inexact science because management also makes use of scientific methods in evolving Principles

Management as Art The meaning of art is related with the brining of a desired result. Through the application of skills management can be regarded as art also. Where as under science, one learns the Why of a phenomenon, as well under art, one learns, How of it. Management is an art can be seen from the following facts. The process of management does involved the use of know how and skills like any other art such as music, painting etc. The Process of management is directed to achieve certain concrete results as other fields of art do. Management is creative like any other art. Management: Both Science and Art As a successful manger, a Person required the knowledge of management principles and also the skills of how the knowledge can be utilized. Comparison between Science and Art as used in management Science Art Advance by knowledge Proves Predicts Defines Measures Impresses Advance by practice Feels Guesses Describes Opines Expresses

Management as Profession Profession is an occupation for which specialized knowledge, skills and training are required and the use of these skills is not meant for self satisfaction but these are used for larger interests of the society and the success of the use of these skills is measured not in terms of money alone. Characteristics of Profession 1 Existence of knowledge 2 Acquisition of knowledge 3 Professional associations 4 Ethical codes 5 Service Motive FAYOL’S ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT The real father of modern operational management theory is the French industrialist. Henry Fayol. His contributions are generally termed as operational management or administrative management. Fayol’s contributions were first published in book from titled ‘Administration Industrielle at Generale’ in French language in 1916. It was published in 1949 in United States of America in English version. Fayol’s looked at the problem of managing an organization from top management point of view. He has used the term ‘Administration’ instead of management emphasizing that there is unity of science of administration.