Ion Formation.

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Presentation transcript:

Ion Formation

Atoms Atoms are neutral Atoms have the same number of protons (+) and electrons (-) When atoms gain or lose electrons, they become electrically charged, and are called ions

Ions All atoms want to have a full outer electron shell (valence). Atoms will gain or lose electrons to achieve a full valence. The number of protons (+) is no longer equal to the number of electrons (-). E.g.: Sodium now has 11 protons (+) and only 10 electrons (-) giving it an overall charge of 1+

Note: metals tend to LOSE ELECTRONS and become POSITIVE Non metals tend to GAIN ELECTRONS and become NEGATIVE The “ion charge” is the element’s most COMMON ION CHARGE, it is possible for it to have different charges

Ions Metals tend to lose electrons to become postive ions (cations). + 1e- lost Lithium Lithium ion (Li+) Non-metals tend to gain electrons to become negative ions (anions). -2 2e- gained Oxygen Oxygen ion (O2-)

What the charges mean… Some metals are multivalent (can form ions in more than one way) i.e.: Iron can lose 2 or 3 electrons to become a 2+ or 3+ ion. On your periodic table, the most common charge is listed on top. Ion Charges Most Common Ion Charges

Practice! Complete this table: Symbol Atomic # Mass # Ion charge # protons # neutrons # electrons B 5 11 1- Ca 20 40 18 47 1+ 61 56 26 27

Answers! Symbol Atomic # Mass # Ion charge # protons # neutrons # electrons B 5 11 1- 6 Ca 20 40 2+ 18 Ag 47 108 1+ 61 107 Fe 26 56 30 27