Nerve growth factor induces type III collagen production in chronic allergic airway inflammation Ayşe Kılıç, MSc, Sanchaita Sriwal Sonar, PhD, Ali Oender.

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Nerve growth factor induces type III collagen production in chronic allergic airway inflammation Ayşe Kılıç, MSc, Sanchaita Sriwal Sonar, PhD, Ali Oender Yildirim, MD, Heinz Fehrenbach, PhD, Wolfgang Andreas Nockher, PhD, Harald Renz, MD Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Volume 128, Issue 5, Pages 1058-1066.e4 (November 2011) DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.06.017 Copyright © 2011 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Neutralization of NGF in OVA-induced experimental chronic asthma suppresses airway inflammation and subepithelial collagen deposition. A, NGF levels in BALF after acute and chronic allergen exposure. B, Total and differential cell counts in BAL. C, Lung sections stained for hematoxylin and eosin (HE; magnification ×200) and Sirius Red (magnification ×400). D, Stereological quantification of subepithelial collagen layer thickness. E, Col3(α1) mRNA levels in total lung RNA. N = 4 to 6 per group. ∗P < .05, ∗∗P < .01, and ∗∗∗P < .001 versus PBS/PBS; #P < .05 versus OVA/PBS and OVA/IgG. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2011 128, 1058-1066.e4DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2011.06.017) Copyright © 2011 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Increased subepithelial collagen deposition in NGF-Tg mice. A, NGF levels in BALF of naive WT and NGF-Tg mice. B, Cell counts in BAL. C, Hematoxylin and eosin (HE)– and Sirius Red–stained proximal and distal lung sections (magnification ×200). Arrows indicate collagen fibrils. D, Quantification of subepithelial collagen deposition in the airways. E and F, Baseline airway resistance (Fig 2, E) and lung compliance (Fig 2, F) were measured. N = 5. ∗P < .05, ∗∗P < .01, and ∗∗∗P < .001 versus WT mice. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2011 128, 1058-1066.e4DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2011.06.017) Copyright © 2011 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 NGF-Tg mice develop experimental chronic asthma. A, Total and differential cell counts in PBS- and OVA-treated mice. B, Lung sections of PBS- and OVA-treated mice stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE; magnification ×200) and Sirius Red (magnification ×400). C, Quantification of subepithelial collagen deposition. Data were obtained from 2 independent experiments and depict the results of 4 mice. n.s., Not significant. ∗∗P < .01 versus PBS. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2011 128, 1058-1066.e4DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2011.06.017) Copyright © 2011 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 Collagen deposition seen in NGF-Tg mice occurs independently of functional p75NTR. A, Functional knockout of p75NTR confirmed by testing activation of the NF-κB subunit p65 in WT and p75−/− lung fibroblasts. B, NGF-induced col3(α1) mRNA in WT and p75−/− MLFs. C, Lung sections of the presented genotypes stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Sirius Red (both magnification ×200). D, Quantification of subepithelial collagen. N = 4 per group. n.s., Not significant; P, phospho; T, total. ∗P < .05 versus control and NGF-WT/p75+/+. ∗∗P < .01 versus NGF-WT/p75+/+. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2011 128, 1058-1066.e4DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2011.06.017) Copyright © 2011 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 5 NGF induces type III collagen expression in MLFs independently of TGF-β1. A, NGF-induced p38 and ERK1/2 activation in MLFs. B, Inhibitors for p38 and ERK1/2 were tested. C, NGF-induced col3(α1) mRNA expression after p38 and ERK1/2 inhibition. D, Protein knockdown of TrkA and SMAD4 by RNAi. Scrambled (sc) siRNA was used as a negative control. E, Col3(α1) mRNA expression analyzed after RNAi knockdown of TrkA and SMAD4 and stimulation with NGF and TGF-β1. Data are representative of 1 of 3 experiments (n = 4). DMSO, Dimethyl sulfoxide; IB, immunoblot; P, phospho, T, total. ∗P < .05, ∗∗P < .01, and ∗∗∗P < .001 versus control. #P < .05 versus NGF. ##P < .01 versus TGF. ###P < .001 versus NGF. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2011 128, 1058-1066.e4DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2011.06.017) Copyright © 2011 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig E1 Neutralization of NGF in experimental chronic asthma. Mice were immunized with 3 intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of OVA/Al(OH)3 on days 1, 14, and 21. OVA challenge was performed on 2 consecutive times per week at the indicated time points. Antibodies were applied 24 hours before each challenge period by means of intraperitoneal injection. Animals were analyzed 24 hours after the final challenge. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2011 128, 1058-1066.e4DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2011.06.017) Copyright © 2011 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig E2 NGF induces type III collagen transcription through TrkA. A, TrkA and activated TrkA expression in HEK293 cells transfected with pcDNA3-ratTrkA (WT) and K538R. B, Kinetics of p38 and ERK1/2 activation. C, Relative luciferase activities of transfected pCol3α1-luc in HEK293 cells expressing TrkA (WT) or K538R. D, Relative luciferase activity after inhibition of p38 kinase (SB202190) and ERK1/2 (U126). Data are presented as means ± SEMs and are representative for 1 of 3 independent experiments (n = 4-5 per group). DMSO, Dimethyl sulfoxide; IB, immunoblot; IP, immunoprecipitation; P, phospho; T, total; Tyr, tyrosine. ∗∗∗P < .001 versus control. ##P < .01 and ###P < .001 vs TrkA (WT). Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2011 128, 1058-1066.e4DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2011.06.017) Copyright © 2011 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions