Differences in Physicians' Verbal and Nonverbal Communication With Black and White Patients at the End of Life  Andrea M. Elliott, MD, Stewart C. Alexander, PhD, Craig A. Mescher, MD, Deepika Mohan, MD, MPH, Amber E. Barnato, MD, MPH, MS  Journal of Pain and Symptom Management  Volume 51, Issue 1, Pages 1-8 (January 2016) DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2015.07.008 Copyright © 2016 American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Images used to code nonverbal communication behaviors. This illustrates the angles of the two cameras in each simulation room. The left panel shows the camera mounted on the wall behind the surrogate to the left of the patient. The right panel shows a view from a camera mounted on the wall across from the foot of the patient's bed. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 2016 51, 1-8DOI: (10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2015.07.008) Copyright © 2016 American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Illustration of several measures of nonverbal communication. The physician to the left is standing >12" from the patient body's lateral most plane (each tile 12"), is standing at the knee while the actor/wife of the patient is at the chest (evident by the arm rail and patient's posture/flexion at the hip) and touching the bed. The physician is using closed body language (chart in front of body between himself and the patient) and is looking at the patient (although this information is obscured by the de-identifying box over the subject's face). Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 2016 51, 1-8DOI: (10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2015.07.008) Copyright © 2016 American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine Terms and Conditions