RUSSIAN REVOLUTION http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WK4MWT9H1wE

Nicholas II was a harsh and weak ruler The Russian economy was bankrupt because of the Russo-Japanese War and WWI Russia’s entry into WWI became very unpopular.

Russo-Japanese War (1904) Dispute over Manchuria with Japan Shook national confidence in their progress and rule of Czar.

Bloody Sunday (1905)

WWI Russia’s participation in WWI Large, but poorly equipped/led army Infrastructure of Russia broke down Famines, labor riots, etc.

Rasputin http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WK4MWT9H1wE Even more blindly committed to autocracy than her husband She was under the influence of Rasputin Scandals surrounding Rasputin served to discredit the monarchy Rasputin

The Bolsheviks Small Marxist group Wanted to change life in Russia Communist Wanted to change life in Russia Leader = Vladimir Lenin Goal = overthrow czar Vladimir Lenin  wanted to establish a Communist social system, “in which there would be no economic classes & no private property

The Bolsheviks If czar was overthrown, industrial workers could govern Russia. Leninism

March Revolution March 8, 1917  Petrograd, Russia Capital at the Time Unhappy citizens marched The Duma (Russia’s legislature) defied Nicholas II Petrograd was the capital at the time citizens marched in Petrograd the police & soldier disobeyed orders to shoot the rioters Nicholas II ordered Duma to disband, but they disobeyed Nicholas II’s family was murdered by ??

March Revolution March 1917 (February Revolution) Women, soldiers and workers united to force Czar Nicholas II to abdicate

Provisional Government (Duma) Duma established temporary government Aleksandr Kerensky was leader Unpopular Stayed in WWI Bolsheviks wanted basic changes Lenin was still leader Kerensky’s government wanted to continue fighting against the Central Powers many Russians disliked this because it was a big burden on the country Lenin returned to Russia in April 1917  he had been out of the country because of his revolutionary ideas Germany helped Lenin return because they hoped he would stir up Russia & weaken their effort in the war

Bolshevik /October Revolution Mid-1917  Kerensky’s government still fighting Central Powers in WWI Russian army was weak & collapsed November 1917  Bolshevik Red Guard attacked Kerensky’s government Red Guard was made up of Bolshevik factory workers

Bolshevik Revolution Kerensky’s government didn’t put up much of a fight Lenin established radical communist program (Leninism) private ownership = illegal land redistributed to peasants nearly bloodless struggle Private ownership of land, livestock, factories, etc. was illegal

After the Revolution Lenin wanted to end involvement in war Leon Trotsky was sent to negotiate with Central Powers Russia lost much land to Central Powers because of lack of strong military Trotsky was a top Bolshevik official

VS

Civil War Some Russians disliked the negotiations & their results Opponents of Bolsheviks = “White Army or Mensheviks army leaders political opponents wealthy Russians *France & United States supported White Army they didn’t like losing land/power/wealth France & US supported Whites, probably because they feared the increasing power of a communist system **Why might wealthy Russians dislike a communist system? **Remember, a communist system gathers all resources & redistributes them equally

Civil War Ends Red Army vs. White Army Late 1920  Bolsheviks triumph fighting & famine cost millions of lives Late 1920  Bolsheviks triumph 1921  New Economic Policy: plan permitting some capitalist activity Red Army = Bolsheviks/communists White Army = opponents Lenin established a New Economic Policy  effected farmers especially (encouraged food production)  helped restore economy **What do you think about that? A communist country using a capitalist plan to get back on its feet & then disregarding it? What does it say about communism? Does it say that communism isn’t a good enough plan, if it can’t start from scratch?

The Soviet Union 1922  Russia reunited with neighboring lands that had belonged to Russian Empire Became Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) or Soviet Union Soviet Union will remain until 1991

The Stalin Revolution 1924, Joseph Stalin took control of Communists after Lenin’s death Humble origins Surrounded by supporters Absolute dictator/Totalitarianism Focused on industrialization Not consumer goods To increase militaristic power of Russia

The Stalin Revolution Five-Year Plan (1927 – 1932) Rapid industrialization in field of electricity and heavy industry (iron, steel, coal, etc.) Created factory districts and filled them with laborers who were given strict output quotas Resembled war-time economy Dissenters were sent to gulags (labor camps) 2nd Five Year Plan (1933 – 1938) After Hitler took control in Germany, Stalin shifted focus of industry directly to arms production

The Stalin Revolution Collectivization of Agriculture Consolidated private farms into vast collectives Farmers given strict output quotas Used propaganda to promote the system Resisted by kulaks (landowners) Terminated or forced into slavery Numerous famines ensued

The Stalin Revolution Results of Stalinist policies Russia industrialized faster than any nation ever had Population of Russia were poor and discontent, but afraid to challenge Stalin Fear of secret police forces (NKVD) Citizens who survived, however, saw Stalin’s progress and worked tirelessly to support him

Animal Farm Man is the only creature that consumes without producing. He does not give milk, he does not lay eggs, he is too weak to pull the plough, he cannot run fast enough to catch rabbits. Yet he is lord of all the animals. He sets them to work, he gives back to them the bare minimum that will prevent them from starving, and the rest he keeps for himself.