Ms. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY Andrew Jackson [1767 - 1845] Ms. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY

Jackson’s Political Career 1815 1824 1828 1832 Battle of New Orleans Ran for President and lost Elected President Reelected President

Champion of the “Common Man”? Essential Question: Champion of the “Common Man”? “King” Andrew? OR

What were the Democratic Trends in the Early 19c?

Voting Requirements in the Early 19c

Voter Turnout: 1820 - 1860 Brinkley, 10th Edition

Jackson's Early Life

Jackson’s First Hermitage Residence

1st Known Painting of Jackson, 1815

General Jackson During the Seminole Wars

Jackson's First Presidential Run

“The Common Man’s” Presidential Candidate

Jackson’s Opponents in 1824 William H. Crawford [GA] Henry Clay [KY] John Quincy Adams [MA] John C. Calhoun [SC] William H. Crawford [GA]

Election 1824 Jackson Adams ~winner~ Crawford Clay Individual votes 152,901 114,023 46,797 47,217 Electoral votes 99 84 41 37

1824 Election Results: The “Corrupt Bargain?”

What were the Key Issues in 1828?

Politics became topics of local conversation Democracy Politics became topics of local conversation

Rachel Jackson Final Divorce Decree

Andrew Jackson in Mourning for His Wife, Rachel

1828 Election Results

The Center of Population Moves West

The New “Jackson Coalition” The Planter Elite in the South People on the Frontier State Politicians – spoils system Immigrants in the cities.

Jackson’s Faith in the “Common Man” His heart & soul was with the “plain folk.” Intense distrust of Eastern “establishment,” monopolies, & special privilege. Belief that the common man was capable of uncommon achievements.

The Reign of “King Mob”

Andrew Jackson as President

Peggy Eaton “Affair”

The Nullification Issue

Sen. Daniel Webster [MA] Webster-Hayne Debate Sen. Daniel Webster [MA] Sen. Robert Hayne [SC]

1830 Webster: Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable. Jackson: Our Federal Union—it must be preserved. Calhoun: The Union, next to our liberty, most dear.

The Tariff Crisis

1832 Tariff Conflict 1828 --> “Tariff of Abomination” 1832 --> new tariff South Carolina’s reaction? Jackson’s response? Clay’s “Compromise” Tariff?

Jackson's Native American Policy

Indian Removal Jackson’s Goal? 1830 --> Indian Removal Act Cherokee Nation v. GA (1831) * “domestic dependent nation” Worcester v. GA (1832) Jackson: John Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it!

Cherokee Nation After 1820

Indian Removal

Obstacle: Cherokee (GA,AL,NC,TN) “civilized” Republican form of gov’t/ Constitution literacy/schools alphabet settled agrarian life (some slaveholders)

Worcester v. Georgia John Marshall- Held that the Indian nations were distinct people with the right to retain independent political communities- Georgia did not have the right to invade Jackson Response: “John Marshall made the decision now let him enforce it.” “Trail of Tears” (20,000 removed/4,000 die on 116-day journey)

Trail of Tears (1838-39)

Jackson’s Professed Love For Native Americans

Renewing the Charter of the 2nd National Bank

Jackson’s Use of Federal Power VETO 1830 --> Maysville Road project in KY [state of his political rival, Henry Clay]

National Bank Debate President Jackson Nicholas Biddle

“I will kill theBank!(the“Monster”) AJ and the B.U.S. Disliked banks Bad experience with banks Didn’t understand banking Bank is divisive (monopoly for the rich) Bank is unconstitutional Bank opposed him in 1828 election “I will kill theBank!(the“Monster”)

More B.S. (bank stuff) Nick Rechartering the B.U.S. in 1832 (why early??) AJ vetoes Recharter bill not overridden hero – attacked symbol of privilege Election of 1832/AJ removed $$$ from B.U.S. Put money in “pet banks” Nicholas Biddle called in loans Businesses failed Banks closed Rise of wildcat banks Specie Circular 1836  panic of 1837 Nick

Opposition to the 2nd B.U.S. “Soft” (paper) $ “Hard” (specie) $ state bankers felt it restrained their banks from issuing bank notes freely. supported rapid economic growth & speculation. felt that coin was the only safe currency. didn’t like any bank that issued bank notes. suspicious of expansion & speculation

The “Monster” Is Destroyed! “pet banks”? 1832 --> Jackson vetoed the extension of the 2nd National Bank of the United States. 1836 --> the charter expired. 1841 --> the bank had gone bankrupt!

The Downfall of Mother Bank

“King” Andrew 1832 Political Cartoon

1832 Election Results Main Issue?

The Specie Circular (1836) wildcat banks buy future federal land only with gold or silver. Jackson’s goal?

Results of the Specie Circular banknotes loose their value. land sales plummeted. credit not available. businesses began to fail. unemployment rose. The Panic of 1837!

The Panic of 1837!

1836 Election Results Martin Van Buren “Old Kinderhook” [O. K.]

Andrew Jackson in Retirement

Photo of Andrew Jackson in 1844 (a Year Before His Death) 1767 - 1845

Adapted from Ms. Pojer